Corticosteroid therapy is the treatment of choice in DBA patients. However, 20-30% of DBA cases are completely resistant to this therapy. The patients require regularly red blood cell (RBC) transfusions or other. The study included 7 patients - 4 and boys and 3 girls, aged 9 months to 12 years from the Polish registry of DBA patients. The children were resistant to corticosteroids and were transfusion-depended. In three cases the treatment was repeated after one year. Before treatment, laboratory analysis including blood cell count with reticulocytes count, biochemical and coagulation parameters were performed. In addition the patients underwent chest x-ray, ECG, echocardiolography and bone marrow aspiration. rhIL-3 (Sandoz) was administered subcutaneously once daily, at a dosage of 2,5 ug/kg/d for 4-6 weeks. One HCV positive patient was excluded from the study after 1 week treatment because of the dramatic increase in ALAT, more than 3 times the normal range. In 2 out of the 6 children, during remission there was found an increase in reticulocytes and erythrocytes in peripheral blood and an increase in erythroid progenitors in bone marrow. In one child the remission was maintained up to now, that is for 20 months. In one girl remission was obtained twice after the first treatment and it lasted for 8 months. After the second course of treatment, the remission lasted for 8 months and has been maintained up to now. In two children there was no improvement after the 1st or the 2nd course of treatment. The most dramatic side effects have been indense diarrhea and high fever in a 9 month old young child and as a result the dose of IL-3 was decreased to half. In spite of that this patient has experienced the longest remission. In the light of publications and our own results, it seems purposeful to undertake treatment with IL-3 in DBA children.