Hepatic abnormalities of Thalasemic patients due to iron overload and hepatotropic viruses were evaluated. The study was undertaken between October 1993 and October 1994 in 29 patients (12 boys, 17 girls) with a median age of 13 years (range 3-22 years). Patients were transfused regularly to maintain a hemoglobin value of 10 g/dl or higher. All except a 3 year old girl were on subcutan desferroxamin therapy (40-60 mg/kg/day, 5 days/week). 62% of patients were splenectomised. Seropositivity was 82.76% for Hepatitis B virus 68.9% anti-HBs positive, 3.5% chronic HBsAg carrier) whereas 27.5% for Hepatitis C virus. In anti-HCV (+) group serum ALT levels were higher than anti-HCV(-) group, 114.75±67.75 and 67.61± 46.95, respectively (p:0.042). Mean serum ferritin level was 7145.13± 4938.75 ng/ml (range 224-20.000) and had a positive correlation with age, total number of transfusions, serum AST, ALT and total bilirubin but no correlation with GGT, D.Bilirubin, Alkaline phosphatase, PT, PTT, iron and iron binding capacity. 10 patients underwent liver biopsy. Biopsies revealed 1 inactive cirrhosis, 1 chronic persistant hepatitis, 4 portal fibrosis and hemochromatosis in all specimen. As a conclusion, Hepatitis B seropositivity is high among Thalasemic children. Iron chelating agent is efficient but can not prevent iron overload and liver damage completely. We recommend early vaccination of all Thalasemic children for Hepatitis B and screening of blood donors with more sensitive methods.