Abstract
Vaccination against human RV is justified by their prevalence throughout the world as the major viral cause of infantile diarrhea and dehydration. Experimental evidence has shown that only antibody at the mucosal surface of the gut protects animals against rotavirus disease. Attempts at immune prophylaxis have centered on live viruses given per os.
We have orally administered two bovine RV and two human RV to volunteers. Bovine virus NCDV was administered to 10 adults; 6 exhibited a serum antibody response. A low passage bovine RV, strain WC3 isolated in this laboratory and administered in a dose of 107.0 pfu, elicited an immune response in 1 of 5 adults. WC3 virus (107 pfu) has been given to 16 children aged 1 to 6 years with no untoward effect. Of 12 children without pre-existing SN antibody to bovine rotavirus, 11 exhibited an increase in SN antibody. In contrast to published results with NCDV vaccine, this SN antibody response was broadly cross-reactive with human RV of serotypes 1 and 3.
A human RV isolate (WI-61), presumptively identified as serotype 1, given to adult volunteers in varying doses, elicited a predominantly ELISA antibody response in 3 of 7. Human isolate WI-78 (serotype 3) induced an ELISA antibody response in each of 5 volunteers, including those given doses as low as 103 pfu. Tissue culture grown RV are immunogenic p.o. and may be broadly protective.
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Clark, F., Offit, P., Dolan, K. et al. 1076 ROTAVIRUSES (RV) OF BOVINE AND HUMAN ORIGIN: IMMUNE RESPONSE OF ADUIITS AND CHILDREN FOLLOWING ORAL ADMINISTRATION. Pediatr Res 19, 290 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198504000-01106
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-198504000-01106