Abstract
This paper reviews our recent work on the use of magnetic fields to the polymer processing. Polymers considered in this paper are not peculiar ones synthesized specially for the purpose of magnetic processing, but they are very usual ones including poly(ethylene terephthalate), polypropylene, etc. In this paper, two main magnetic effects on polymers are considered, i.e., alignment and levitation. In the first part, the magnetic torque causing the alignment is described. Then, examples of alignment in polymeric systems are presented, starting from simple cases such as magnetic alignment of fibers in a suspension to more complicated cases such as magnetic alignment of crystalline polymers in which mesophase formations and memory effects are involved. In the second part, the magnetic force acting on diamagnetic materials and its application to separation and processing of polymeric materials is described.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Annual Reports of Tsukuba Magnet Laboratory, National Institute for Materials Science.
Annual Reports of High Field Laboratory for Superconducting Materials, Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University.
K. Watanabe, Y. Yamada, J. Sakuraba, F. Hata, and C. K. Chong, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 32, L488 (1993).
E. Beaugnon and R. Tournier, Nature, 349, 470 (1991).
M. V. Berry and A. K. Geim, Eur. J. Phys., 18, 307 (1997).
N. Kitamura, M. Makihara, M. Hamai, T. Sato, I. Mogi, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, and M. Motokawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 39, L324 (2000).
N. Hirota, T. Homma, H. Sugawara, K. Kitazawa, M. Iwasaka, S. Ueno, H. Yokoi, Y. Kakudate, S. Fujiwara and K. Kawamura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34, L991 (1995).
“Materials Science in Static High Magnetic Fields”, K. Watanabe and M. Motokawa Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin (2001).
“Proc. of The 3rd Meeting of Symposium on New Magneto-Science’99”, Omiya, November, 1999.
“Proc. of The 6th Meeting of Symposium on New Magneto-Science’02”, Tsukuba, November, 2002.
“Jikikagaku”, (in Japanese) K. Kitazawa, S. Ozeki, S. Tanimoto, and M. Yamaguchi Eds., IPC, Tokyo (2002).
G. Maret and K. Dransfeld Topics in Applied Physics”, F. Herlach Ed., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1985, Vol. 57, Chapt. 4.
S. Nagakura, H. Hayashi, and T. Azumi, “Dynamic Spin Chemistry”, (Kodansha; Wiley, Tokyo, New York, 1998).
“Riken Review”, No. 44 (2002).
Y. Tanimoto, H. Hayashi, S. Nagakura, H. Sakuragi, and K. Tokumaru, Chem. Phys. Lett., 41, 267 (1976).
J. H. van Vleck, “The Theory of Electric and Magnetic Susceptibilities”, Oxford University Press, London, 1932.
A. Weiss and H. Witte, “Magnetochemie”, Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim, 1973 (Japanese translation).
M. Fujiwara, T. Chidiwa, R. Tokunaga, and Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102 3417 (1998).
M. Fujiwara, M. Fukui, and Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 2627 (1999).
G. Sazaki, E. Yoshida, H. Komatsu, T. Nakada, S. Miyashita, and K. Watanabe, J. Cryst. Growth, 173, 231 (1997).
N. I. Wakayama, M. Ataka, and H. Abe, J. Cryst. Growth, 178, 653 (1997).
N. I. Wakayama, Cryst. Growth Des., 3, 17 (2003).
V. Timbrell, J. Appl. Phys., 43, 4839 (1972).
Y. Schmitt, C. Paulick, F. X. Royer, and J. G. Gasser, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 205–207, 139 (1996).
M. Fujiwara, E. Oki, M. Hamada, Y. Tanimoto, I. Mukouda, and Y. Shimomura, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 4383 (2001).
T. Kimura, H. Ago, M. Tobita, S. Ohshima, M. Kyotani, and M. Yumura, Adv. Mater., 14, 1380 (2002).
M. J. Casavant, D. A. Walters, J. J. Schmidt, and R. E. Smalley, J. Appl. Phys., 93, 2153 (2003).
J. Sugiyama, H. Chanzy, and G. Maret, Macromolecules, 25, 4232 (1992).
J.-F. Revol, L. Godbout, X. M. Dong, D. G. Gray, H. Chanzy, and G. Maret, Liq. Cryst., 16, 127 (1994).
X. M. Dong and D. G. Gray, Langmuir, 11, 3029 (1997).
Y. Kawamura, I. Sakurai, A. Ikegami, and S. Iwayanagi, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 67, 77 (1981).
J. Torbet, J.-M. Freyssinet, and G. Hudry-Clergeon, Nature, 289, 91 (1981).
A. Yamagishi, T. Takeuchi, T. Higashi, and M. Date, Physica B, 177, 523 (1992).
M. Murayama, Nature, 206, 420 (1965).
J. Torbet and M. Y. Norton, FEBS Lett., 147, 201 (1982).
M. Fujiwara, R. Tokunaga, and Y. Tanimoto, J. Phys. Chem. B, 102, 5996 (1998).
A. Makiya, D. Shouji, S. Tanaka, N. Uchida, T. Kimura, and D. Uematsu, Key Eng. Mat., 206–213, 445 (2002).
H. Morikawa, K. Sassa, and S. Asai, Mat. Trans. JIM, 39, 8 (1998).
T. Taniguchi, K. Sassa, T. Yamada, and S. Asai, Mat. Trans. JIM, 41, 981 (2000).
T. S. Suzuki, Y. Sakka, and K. Kitazawa, Adv. Eng. Mater., 3, 163 (2001).
R. R. Gupta, “Landolt-Bornstein”, H.-H Hellwege and A. W. Hellwege Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1986, vol.II/16, Chapt.8.
“Polymer Crystallization”, Lecture Notes in Physics 606, G. Reiter and J.-U. Sommer Eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin, 2003; Proc. of 263. WE-Heraeus-Seminar, Waldau, Germany, October, 2001.
“Proc. of International Symposium on Polymer Crystallization”, Mishima, Japan, June, 2002.
G. R. Strobl, “The Physics of Polymers”, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1996.
G. R. Strobl, Eur. Phys. J. E, 3, 165 (2000).
P. D. Olmsted, W. C. K. Poon, T. C. B. McLeish, N. J. Terrill, and A. J. Ryan, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81, 373 (1998).
M. Imai, K. Mori, T. Mizukami, K. Kaji, and T. Kanaya, Polymer, 33, 4451 (1992).
M. Imai, K. Kaji, and T. Kanaya, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 4162 (1992).
M. Muthukumar and P. Welch, Polymer, 41, 8833 (2000).
Y. A. Akpalu, E. J. Amis, J. Chem. Phys., 111, 8686 (1999).
Y. A. Akpalu, E. J. Amis, J. Chem. Phys., 113, 392 (2000).
K. Kaji, “Handbook of Thermoplastic Polyesters”, S. Fakirov, Ed. Chapt. 4, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2002.
H. Morioka, T. Kimura, and R. Aogaki, Trans. MRS-J., 27, 129 (2002).
H. Morioka, T. Kimura, and R. Aogaki, Chem. Lett., 962 (2002).
I. Mogi, K. Watanabe, and M. Motokawa, Electrochemistry, 67, 1051 (1999).
I. Mogi, K. Watanabe, and M. Motokawa, J. Electroanal. Chem., 507, 198 (2001).
Y. Matsumoto, I. Yamamoto, Y. Shimazu, M. Yamaguchi, and F. Ishikawa, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 36, L1397 (1997).
I. Yamamoto, Y. Matsumoto, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Shimazu, and F. Ishikawa, Physica B, 246–247, 408 (1998).
K. Akagi, M. Narita, R. Toyoshima, and H. Shirakawa, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 318, 157 (1998).
N. Hirota, Y. Ikezoe, H. Uetake, T. Kaihatsu, T. Takayama, and K. Kitazawa, MRS-J, 27, 47 (2002).
T. Kimura, S. Mamada, and M. Yamato, Chem. Lett., 1294 (2000).
A. Nara, M. Yamato, and T. Kimura, “Proc. of The 6th Meeting of Symposium on New Magneto-Science’02”, Tsukuba, November, p. 153, 2002.
T. Kimura, M. Yamato, W. Koshimizu, M. Koike, and T. Kawai, Langmuir, 16, 858 (2000).
M. Doi, and S. F. Edwards, Theory of Polymer Dynamics; Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1986, Chapt. 8 and references therein.
G. B. Jeffery, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A, 102, 161 (1992).
F. Perrin, J. Phys. Radium., 5, 497 (1934).
M. Yamato, H. Aoki, T. Kimura, I. Yamamoto, F. Ishikawa, M. Yamaguchi, and M. Tobita, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, 2237 (2001).
C. B. Scott and D. B. Fischbach, J. Appl. Phys., 47, 5329, (1976).
H. Aoki, T. Kimura, and M. Tobita, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 3753 (2002).
T. Kimura, N. Shimoyama, and M. Tobita, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 3754 (2002).
E. H. Land, U.S.Patent 2 123 902 (1938).
S. Mamada and T. Kimura, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 726, 2951 (2002).
“Physical Properties of Crystals”, Clarendon Press, Oxford, London (1993).
T. Kawai, R. Iijima, Y. Yamamoto, and T. Kimura, J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, 8077 (2001).
T. Kawai, R. Iijima, Y. Yamamoto, and T. Kimura, Polymer, 43, 7301 (2002).
T. S. Suzuki and Y. Sakka, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 41, L1272 (2002).
T. S. Suzuki and Y. Sakka, Chem. Lett., 1204 (2002).
T. Kimura, T. Yamane, and M. Yamato, “Proc. of The 6th Meeting of Symposium on New Magneto-Science’02”, Tsukuba, November, 2002, p.24.
W. R. Krigbaum, “Polymer Liquid Crystals” A. Ciferri, W. R. Krigbaum, and R. B. Meyer Eds., Academic Press, London, Ch. 10 (1982).
G. Maret and A. Blumstein, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 88, 295 (1982).
F. Hardouin, M. F. Achard, H. Gasparoux, L. Liebert, and L. Strzelecki, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 20, 975 (1982).
J. S. Moore and S. I. Stupp, Macromolecules, 20, 282 (1987).
A. Anwer and A. H. Windle, Polymer, 32, 103 (1991).
S. Kossikhina, T. Kimura, E. Ito, and M. Kawahara, Polym. Eng. Sci., 37, 396 (1997).
S. Kossikhina, T. Kimura, E. Ito, and M. Kawahara, Polym. Eng. Sci., 38, 914 (1998).
T. Shimoda, T. Kimura, and E. Ito, Macromolecules, 30, 5045 (1997).
F. Oda, S. Nozawa, M. Hayashi, I. Shiga, M. Kimura, and K. Kajimura, Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 46, 101 (1989).
T. Kimura, T. Maeda, H. Sata, M. Yamato, and E. Ito, Polym. J., 27, 247 (1995).
T. Kimura, H. Sata, and E. Ito, Polym. J., 30, 455 (1998).
T. Kimura, S. Kossikhina, T. Shimoda, E. Ito, and M. Kawahara, Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., 318, 279 (1998).
T. Sun, S. K. Bhattacharya, R. W. Lenz, and R. S. Porter, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 28, 1677 (1990).
M. Yamato and T. Kimura, Chem. Lett., 1296 (2000).
H. Sata, T. Kimura, S. Ogawa, M. Yamato, and E. Ito, Polymer, 37, 1879 (1996).
H. Sata, T. Kimura, S. Ogawa, and E. Ito, Polymer, 39, 6325 (1998).
H. Ezure, T. Kimura, S. Ogawa, and E. Ito, Macromolecules, 30, 3600 (1997).
T. Kawai and T. Kimura, Polymer, 41, 155 (2000).
T. Kimura, T. Kawai, and Y. Sakamoto, Polymer, 41, 809 (2000).
T. Kimura, M. Yamato, W. Koshimizu, and T. Kawai, Chem. Lett., 1057 (1999).
H. H. Shao, H. Gang, and E. B. Sirota, Phys. Rev. E., 57, R6265 (1998).
F. Kimura, T. Kimura, T. Kawata, M. Iwasaka, and S. Ueno, Trans. MRS-J., 27, 133 (2002).
M. Yamato and T. Kimura, Trans. MRS-J, 27, 117 (2002).
H. Aoki, M. Yamato, and T. Kimura, Chem. Lett., 1140 (2001).
T. Kimura, M. Yamato S. Endo, F. Kimura, H. Sata, H. Kawasaki, and Y. Shinagawa, J. Polym. Sci. B, 39, 1942 (2001).
T. Kawai, Y. Sakamoto, and T. Kimura, Mater. Trans. JIM, 41, 955 (2000).
W. Brostow Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook”, J. E. Mark Ed., American Institute of Physics Press, Woodbury, N.Y., 1996.
B. Wunderlich and J. Grebowicz, Adv. Polym. Sci., 60/61, 1 (1984).
T. Kawai and T. Kimura, “Proc. 3rd Meeting on New Magneto-Science’99”, 392 (1999).
F. Kimura, T. Kimura, M. Iwasaka, and S. Ueno, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 2070 (2002).
H. Sata, Thesis, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1998.
T. Kimura, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 40, 6818 (2001).
H. Inaba, K. Tozaki, S. Wang, H. Hayashi, and T. Kimura, “Proc. 5th Meeting on New Magneto-Science’01”, 283 (2001).
H. Inaba, K. Tozaki, S. Hosaka, H. Hayashi, and T. Kimura, “Proc. 5th Meeting on New Magneto-Science’01”, 286 (2001).
Y. Sakamoto, T. Kawai, and T. Kimura, Trans. MRS-J., 25, 73 (2000).
R. P. de Daubeny, C. W. Bunn, and C. J. Brown, Proc. R. Soc., (London) A 226, 531 (1954).
T. Kimura and E. Ito, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 598, BB3.1.1–3.1.5 (2000).
A. Miyake, J. Polym Sci., 38, 479 (1959).
M. Kobayashi, K. Akita, and H. Tadokoro, Makromol. Chem., 118, 324 (1968).
I. Ouchi, M. Hosoi, and S. Shimotsuma, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 21, 3445 (1977).
P. C. Painter and J. L. Koenig, J. Polym. Sci., B, 15, 15, 1885 (1977).
S. -B. Lin and J. L. Koenig, J. Polym. Sci., B, 21, 2067 (1983).
K. Tashiro, K. Imanishi, Y. Izumi, M. Kobayashi, K. Kobayashi, M. Satoh, and R. S. Stein, Macromolecules, 28, 8477 (1995).
H. Zhang, A. Rankin, and I. M. Ward, Polymer, 37, 1079 (1996).
F. Kimura, T. Kimura, A. Sugisaki, M. Komatsu, H. Sata, and E. Ito, J. Polym. Sci., B, 35, 2741 (1997).
T. Kimura, H. Ezure, S. Tanaka, and E. Ito, J. Polym. Sci., B, 36, 1227 (1998).
H. Aoki, M. Yamato, and T. Kimura, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 444 (2002).
S. Kamata, S. Kadowaki, Y. Saito, T. Kohmoto, and Y. Yamamoto, Fiber Prepr. Jpn., 53, 99 (1997).
T. Kawai, T. Kimura, and Y. Yamamoto, Trans. MRS-J., 27, 125 (2002).
M. Aramaki, T. Kawai, and T. Kimura, Polym. Prepr. Jpn., 51, 452 (2002).
T. Kawai and T. Kimura, Macromolecules, 33, 8421 (2000).
J. K. Kruger, L. Peetz, W. Wildner, and M. Pietralla, Polymer, 21, 620 (1980).
J. K. Kruger, Solid State Commun., 30, 43 (1979).
M. Nakatsuka, K. Fujioka, T. Kanabe, and H. Fujita, J. Cryst. Growth, 171, 531 (1997).
C. Rosenblatt, Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys., 24, 2236 (1981).
K. S. Krishnan, B. C. Guha, and S. Banerjee, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. (London) A 231, 235 (1933).
T. Kimura, Mat. Trans. JIM, accepted.
Y. Ikezoe, N. Hirota, J. Nakagawa, and K. Kitazawa, Nature, 393, 749 (1998).
Y. Ikezoe, T. Kaihatsu, T. Suetsuna, H. Uetake, N. Hirota, and K. Kitazawa, “Proc. 3rd Meeting on New Magneto-Science’99”, 400 (1999).
N. Hirota, Y. Ikezoe, H. Uetake, T. Kaihatsu, T. Takayama, T. Mori, H. Nakamura, and K. Kitazawa, “Proc. 5th Meeting on New Magneto-Science’01”, 160 (2001).
T. Kimura, S. Mamada, and M. Yamato, Chem. Lett., 1294 (2000).
M. Yamato, H. Nakazawa, and T. Kimura, Langmuir, 18, 9609 (2002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kimura, T. Study on the Effect of Magnetic Fields on Polymeric Materials and Its Application. Polym J 35, 823–843 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.823
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.823
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Application of molecular imprinting approach for alkaloids analysis in food and nutraceuticals: review and perspective
Phytochemistry Reviews (2023)
-
Uniformly aligned flexible magnetic films from bacterial nanocelluloses for fast actuating optical materials
Nature Communications (2022)
-
Improving the Micropore Capacity of Activated Carbon by Preparation under a High Magnetic Field of 10 T
Scientific Reports (2019)
-
Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of Iron Oxide/Polyethylene Nanocomposites Induced by a Magnetic Field
Scientific Reports (2017)
-
Magnetic-field-induced alignment of syndiotactic polystyrene
Polymer Journal (2016)