Wnt-modulator in surface ectoderm (WISE) promotes tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis, say researchers. Qian et al. showed that WISE mRNA was expressed in normal rat kidneys and in rat renal transplants. In a rat model of chronic allograft dysfunction, treatment with an anti-WISE neutralizing antibody improved graft function, increased kidney β-catenin levels, attenuated glomerular and interstitial injury, and reduced proteinuria, renal injury biomarker levels, kidney infiltration of macrophages and T cells, and the expression of immune response and profibrotic genes.