Spin–orbit torques can switch the magnetization in perpendicularly magnetized films without the need for an external magnetic field.
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Miron, I. No field required. Nature Nanotech 9, 502–503 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.134
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2014.134