Propagation of magnetic vortices using nanocontacts as tunable attractors

Abstract

Magnetic vortices in thin films are in-plane spiral spin configurations with a core in which the magnetization twists out of the film plane^1,2. Vortices result from the competition between atomic-scale exchange forces and long-range dipolar interactions. They are often the ground state of magnetic dots^3,4, and have applications in medicine⁵, microwave generation^6,7 and information storage⁸. The compact nature of the vortex core, which is 10–20 nm wide, makes it a suitable probe of magnetism at the nanoscale⁹. However, thus far the positioning of a vortex has been possible only in confined structures, which prevents its transport over large distances. Here we show that vortices can be propagated in an unconstrained system that comprises electrical nanocontacts (NCs). The NCs are used as tunable vortex attractors in a manner that resembles the propelling of space craft with gravitational slingshots. By passing current from the NCs to a ferromagnetic film, circulating magnetic fields are generated, which nucleate the vortex and create a potential well for it. The current becomes spin polarized in the film, and thereby drives the vortex into gyration through spin-transfer torques¹⁰. The vortex can be guided from one NC to another by tuning attractive strengths of the NCs. We anticipate that NC networks may be used as multiterminal sources of vortices and spin waves (as well as heat, spin and charge flows) to sense the fundamental interactions between physical objects and fluxes of the next-generation spintronic devices.