Abstract
It is unclear how the complex spatiotemporal organization of ongoing cortical neuronal activity recorded in anesthetized animals relates to the awake animal. We therefore used two-photon population calcium imaging in awake and subsequently anesthetized rats to follow action potential firing in populations of neurons across brain states, and examined how single neurons contributed to population activity. Firing rates and spike bursting in awake rats were higher, and pair-wise correlations were lower, compared with anesthetized rats. Anesthesia modulated population-wide synchronization and the relationship between firing rate and correlation. Overall, brain activity during wakefulness cannot be inferred using anesthesia.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. Brecht, W. Denk and B. Sakmann for encouragement and generous support, M. Kaiser for outstanding technical support, M. Hauswirth, M. Lukat, K. Schmidt and J. Tritthardt for help with microscope modification, and M. Brecht, K. Briggman, W. Denk and D. Wallace for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Max Planck Society.
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J.N.D.K. and A.R.H. conceived, designed and carried out the experiments. D.S.G. developed the spike-detection and movement-correction algorithms. D.S.G. and A.R.H. tested correlation measures. D.S.G. and J.N.D.K. analyzed the data. D.S.G. and J.N.D.K. wrote the paper.
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Supplementary Text and Figures
Supplementary Figures 1–9 and Supplementary Methods (PDF 2191 kb)
Supplementary Movie 1
Example of motion corrected two-photon imaging (WMV 7427 kb)
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Greenberg, D., Houweling, A. & Kerr, J. Population imaging of ongoing neuronal activity in the visual cortex of awake rats. Nat Neurosci 11, 749–751 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2140
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2140
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