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The role of viscous flow of oxide in the growth of self-ordered porous anodic alumina films

Nature Materials volume 8, pages 415–420 (2009)Cite this article

Abstract

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) films are widely used as templates for functional nanostructures, because of the high regularity and controllability of the pore morphology. However, growth mechanisms have not yet been developed that can explain quantitative relationships between processing conditions and oxide layer geometry. Here, we present a model for steady-state growth of these amorphous films, incorporating the novel feature that metal and oxygen ions are transported by coupled electrical migration and viscous flow. The oxide flow in the model arises near the film–solution interface at the pore bottoms, in response to the constraint of volume conservation. The hypothesis of viscous flow was successfully validated through detailed comparisons to observations of the motion of tungsten tracers in the film. Predictions of localized tensile stress near nanoscale ridges at the metal–film interface were supported by observations of voids at these sites. We suggest that the ordering of PAA may be explained by a mechanism in which metal–film interface motion is regulated by the combination of ionic migration in the oxide and stress-driven interface diffusion of metal atoms.

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Figure 1: Reaction and transport process during film growth.
Figure 2: Results of simulation of steady-state film growth.
Figure 3: Comparison of experimental and simulated tracer profiles during growth.
Figure 4: Simulated tensile stress near ridges on the metal–film interface.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported financially by the National Science Foundation (DMR-0605957) and by St. Jude Medical Corp.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA

    Jerrod E. Houser & Kurt R. Hebert

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Correspondence to Kurt R. Hebert.

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Houser, J., Hebert, K. The role of viscous flow of oxide in the growth of self-ordered porous anodic alumina films. Nature Mater 8, 415–420 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2423

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