Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • News & Views
  • Published:

In stroke, complement will get you nowhere

Nature Medicine volume 5, pages 995–996 (1999)Cite this article

Abstract

The complement cascade has been proposed as another participant in the inflammatory events leading to neural tissue damage after stroke. But only time, and many more experiments, will tell whether molecules designed to inhibit specific pathways of the inflammatory response will pay off.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Model of the complement cascade.

References

  1. Reid, D.M., Perry, V.H., Andersson, P.B. & Gordon, S. Mitosis and apoptosis of microglia in vivo induced by an anti-CR3 antibody which crosses the blood-brain barrier. Neuroscience 56, 529–533 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Yasojima, K., Schwab, C., McGeer, E.G. & McGeer, P.L. Up-regulated production and activation of the complement system in Alzheimer's disease brain. Am. J. Pathol. 154, 927–936 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Compston, D.A. et al. Immunocytochemical localization of the terminal complement complex in multiple sclerosis. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 15, 307–316 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Huang, J. et al. Neuronal protection in stroke by an sLex-glycosylated complement inhibitory protein. Science 285, 595–599 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Okada Y. et al. P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression after focal brain ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 25, 202–211 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Haring, H-P., Berg, E.L., Tsurushita, N., Tagaya, M. & del Zoppo, G.J. E-selectin appears in non-ischemic tissue during experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Stroke 27, 1386–1391 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Del Zoppo, G.J., Schmid-Schinbein, G.W., Mori, E., Copeland, B.R. & Chang, C.-M. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes occlude capillaries following middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion in baboons. Stroke 22, 1276–1283 (1991).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Okada, Y., Copeland, B.K., Tung, M-M. & del Zoppo, G.J. Fibrin contributes to microvascular obstructions and parenchymal changes during early focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. Stroke 25, 1847–1853 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kaczorowski, S.L., Schiding, J.K., Toth, C.A. & Kochanek, P. M. Effect of soluble complement receptor-1 on neutrophil accumulation after traumatic brain injury in rats. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15, 860–864 (1995).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rittershaus, C.W. et al. Recombinant glycoproteins that inhibit complement activation and also bind the selectin adhesion molecules. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11237–11244 (1999).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kato H., Kogure K., Liu X.H., Araki T. & Itoyama Y. Progressive expression of immunomolecules on activated microglia and invading leukocytes following focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Brain Res. 734, 203–212 (1999).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Afagh, A., Cummings, B.J., Cribbs, D.H., Cotman, C.W. & Tenner, A.J. Localization and cell association of C1q in Alzheimer's disease brain. Exp. Neurol. 138, 22–32 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Gasque, P., Singhrao, S.K., Neal, J.W., Gotze, O. & Morgan, B.P. Expression of the receptor for complement C5a (CD88) is up-regulated on reactive astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells in the inflamed human central nervous system. Am. J. Pathol. 150, 31–41 (1997).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Du, C., Hu R., Csernansky, C.A., Hsu, C.Y. & Choi, D.W. Very delayed infarction after mild focal cerebral ischemia: A role for apoptosis? J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16, 195–201 (1996).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Endres M. et al. Attenuation of delayed neuronal death after mild focal ischemia in mice by inhibition of the Caspase family. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 18, 238–247 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Molecular and Experimental Medicine The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MEM 132, La Jolla, 92037, California, USA

    Gregory J. del Zoppo

Authors
  1. Gregory J. del Zoppo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

del Zoppo, G. In stroke, complement will get you nowhere. Nat Med 5, 995–996 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1038/12431

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/12431

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing