In 2004, the US National Postdoctoral Association (NPA) set out to identify and recommend postdoctoral 'best practices', a document the NPA issued in 2005. We suggested things such as standardized classification, establishing postdoctoral offices and implementing specific policies regulating appointments.

In releasing these best practices, the NPA asked research institutions to develop specific competencies crucial to a successful training experience. In response, institutions challenged us to develop guidelines, a draft of which was presented at the NPA annual meeting held in April. We believed that the dramatic change in the number and demographics of US postdocs made targeted training vital. And we expect these competencies will help postdocs and their mentors in developing rational career plans.

With input from postdocs, faculty and administrators, the NPA policy committee created a set of core principles that was recently released. We did not try to develop a one-size-fits-all solution. Rather, we sought to identify a set of skills flexible enough to let institutions with different populations and resources develop their own programmes. The final competencies (scientific knowledge, research skills, communication skills, professionalism, leadership and management skills, and responsible conduct of research) cover all career outcomes and research fields.

This list raised the question: how should the competencies be evaluated and regulated, if at all? Mandatory evaluation would be misplaced, as postdoctoral positions, programmes and their objectives vary tremendously among institutions.

They are simply a tool to help improve and customize training. Institutions with a uniform method for classifying postdoctoral positions may see a valuable role for regulation. Others may develop resources such as short courses, seminars or dedicated professional development assistance. And postdocs can incorporate the principles into individual development plans, a 'mapping out' of expectations done in conjunction with one's adviser.

We are planning to release the core competencies as a Web-based resource in autumn 2008. To finalize the document, we would appreciate feedback, including resources that could inform the competencies.