Abstract
Inherited mutations of specific genes have elucidated the normal roles of the proteins they encode by relating specific mutations to particular phenotypes. But many potentially informative mutations in such genes are lethal early in development. Consequently, inherited mutations may not reflect all the functional roles of such proteins. Acquired, somatic defects should reflect a wider spectrum of mutations because they are not prone to negative selection in development. It has been difficult to identify such mutations so far, but microarray analysis provides a new opportunity to do so. Using this approach, we have shown that in individuals with myelodysplasia associated with α-thalassemia (ATMDS), somatic mutations of the gene encoding the chromatin remodeling factor ATRX cause an unexpectedly severe hematological phenotype compared with the wide spectrum of inherited mutations affecting this gene. These findings cast new light on this pleiotropic cofactor, which appears to be an essential component rather than a mere facilitator of globin gene expression.
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Acknowledgements
We thank L. Rose for help preparing the manuscript, A. Argentaro for allowing us to cite his unpublished data, C. Fisher for carrying out the hematology, the referring physicians M. Cook and A. Hendrick, the individuals with ATMDS for their participation, D. Weatherall for bringing this condition to our attention and for his continued support, and previous laboratory members C. Craddock, M. Vickers, C. Hatton and V. Barbour for important contributions to the description of ATMDS. The work was supported by the Medical Research Council and the Leukaemia Research Fund.
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Gibbons, R., Pellagatti, A., Garrick, D. et al. Identification of acquired somatic mutations in the gene encoding chromatin-remodeling factor ATRX in the α-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome (ATMDS). Nat Genet 34, 446–449 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1213
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1213