Abstract
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K) is one of a family of 20 proteins that are involved in transcription and post-transcriptional messenger RNA metabolism. The mechanisms that underlie regulation of hnRNP-K activities remain largely unknown. Here we show that cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K is phosphorylation-dependent. Mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) efficiently phosphorylates hnRNP-K both in vitro and in vivo at serines 284 and 353. Serum stimulation or constitutive activation of ERK kinase (MEK1) results in phosphorylation and cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K. Mutation at ERK phosphoacceptor sites in hnRNP-K abolishes the ability to accumulate in the cytoplasm and renders the protein incapable of regulating translation of mRNAs that have a differentiation-control element (DICE) in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Similarly, treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of the ERK pathway abolishes cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K and attenuates inhibition of mRNA translation. Our results establish the role of MAPK/ERK in phosphorylation-dependent cellular localization of hnRNP-K, which is required for its ability to silence mRNA translation.
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Acknowledgements
We thank D. Morgan and J. Blethrow for advice, M. Karin for JNKK2(CAA), S. Aaronson for MEK-EL constructs, and G. Dreyfuss for monoclonal antibodies against K protein. We also thank S. Phinol-Roma and members of the Ronai laboratory for advice and comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health.
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Habelhah, H., Shah, K., Huang, L. et al. ERK phosphorylation drives cytoplasmic accumulation of hnRNP-K and inhibition of mRNA translation. Nat Cell Biol 3, 325–330 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35060131
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35060131
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