Abstract
The polymorphic Esterase-6 system in Drosophila melanogaster has been studied in laboratory populations made up from highly inbred lines. The Est-6S and Est-6F homozygous lines were obtained after 100 generations of inbreeding, selecting heterozygotes at each generation. The level of homogeneity in the genetic background of the lines has been estimated by computer simulation of the inbreeding process and confirmed by electrophoresis. The experimental populations were cultured on a control medium and on media containing different concentrations of naturally occurring esters known to be rapidly utilised by Esterase-6. The results indicate significant genotype-environment interactions. The high level of genetic homogeneity of the lines and the specific pressure applied to the locus analysed suggest that the fitness effects observed could be reasonably attributed to Est-6 allozymes.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Allard, R W. 1975. The mating system and microevolution. Genetics, 79, 115–126.
Allard, R W, Kahler, A L, and Weir, B S. 1972. The effect of selection on esterase allozymes in a barley population. Genetics, 72, 489–503.
Anderson, P R, and Oakeshott, J G. 1984. Parallel geographical patterns of allozyme variation in two sibling Drosophila species. Nature, 308, 729–731.
Bulsma, R, and Kerver, J M. 1983. The effect of DDT on the polymorphisms at the G6PD and PGD loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 103, 447–464.
Birley, A J, and Beardmore, J A. 1977. Genetical composition, temperature, density and selection in an enzyme polymorphism. Heredity, 39, 133–144.
Boyer, S H, Rucknagel, D L, Weatherall, D J, and Watson-Williams, E J. 1963. Further evidence for linkage between the β and δ loci governing human hemoglobin and the population dynamics of linked genes. Am J Hum Genet, 15, 438–448.
Cabrera, V M, Gonzales, A M, Larruga, J M, and Vega, C. 1983. Linkage disequilibrium in chromosome A of Drosophila subobscura. Genetica, 61, 3–8.
Cavener, D R, and Clegg, M T. 1978. Dynamics of correlated systems. IV. Multilocus effects of ethanol stress environments. Genetics, 90, 629–644.
Charlesworth, B, and Charlesworth, D. 1973. A Study of linkage disequilibrium in populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 73, 351–359.
Charlesworth, B, Charlesworth, D, Loukas, M, and Morgan, K. 1979. A study of linkage disequilibrium in British populations of Drosophila subobscura. Genetics, 92, 983–994.
Costa, R, and Beardmore, J A. 1980. Selection in a polymorphism with a rare allele. Genetica, 54, 167–172.
Costa, R, Nigro, L, and Danieli, G A. 1983. Esterase-6 allozymes: biochemical studies of two common and one rare variant in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet, 21, 191–197.
Danieli, G A, and Costa, R. 1977. Transient equilibrium at the Est-6 locus in wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetica, 47, 37–41.
Danford, N D, and Beardmore, J A. 1979. Biochemical properties of Esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet, 17, 1–22.
Danford, N D, and Beardmore, J A. 1980. Selection at the esterase-6 locus in Drosophila melanogaster by added enzyme substrates in the culture medium. Genetica, 50, 171–178.
De Jong, G, and Scharloo, W. 1976. Environmental determination of selective significance or neutrality of amylase variants in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 84, 77–94.
Franklin, I R, and Lewontin, R C. 1970. Is the gene the unit of selection? Genetics, 65, 707–734.
Gibson, J. 1970. Enzyme flexibility in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 255, 149–151.
Gilbert, D G, Richmond, R C, and Sheehan, K H. 1981a. Studies of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. V. Progeny production and sperm use in female inseminated by males having active or null alleles. Evolution, 35, 21–37.
Gilbert, D G, Richmond, R C, and Sheehan, K H. 1981b. A Studies Of Esterase-6 In Drosophila Melanogaster. Vii. Remating Times Of Females Inseminated By Males Having Active Or Null Alleles. Behav Genet, 11, 195–208.
Gilbert, D G, and Richmond, R C. 1981. Studies of Esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Ejaculate competitive abilities of males having null or active alleles. Genetics, 97, 85–94.
Gilbert, D G, and Richmond, R C. 1982. Studies of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XII. Evidence for temperature selection of Est-6 and ADH alleles. Genetica, 58, 109–119.
Girard, P, Palabost, L, and Petit, C. 1977. Enzymatic variation at seven loci in nine natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem Genet, 15, 589–599.
Gokhale, D V, and Kullback, S. 1978. The information in contingency tables. M. Dekker Inc., New York.
Hulme, A. 1970. The biochemistry of fruits and their products. Academic Press, London, New York.
Kahler, A L, Clegg, M T, and Allard, R W. 1975. Evolutionary changes in the mating system of an experimental population of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Proc Natl Acad Set, USA, 72, 943–946.
Kojima, K, and Yarbrough, K M. 1967. Frequency-depen-dent selection at the Esterase-6 locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 57, 645–649.
Kojima, K, Gillespie, J, and Tobari, Y N. 1970. A profile of Drosophila species' enzymes assayed by electrophoresis. I. Number of alleles, heterozygosities, and linkage disequilibrium in glucose metabolizing systems and some other enzymes. Biochem. Genet, 4, 627–637.
Langley, C H, Tobari, Y N, and Kojima, K. 1974. Linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 78, 921–936.
Langley, C H, Ito, K, and Voelker, R A. 1977. Linkage disequilibrium in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Seasonal variation. Genetics, 86, 447–454.
Langley, C H, Smith, D B, and Johnson, F M. 1978. Analysis of linkage disequilibrium between allozyme loci in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 92, 1295–1314.
Loukas, M, Krimbas, C B, and Vergini, Y. 1979. The genetics of Drosophila subobscura populations. IX. Studies on linkage disequilibrium in four natural populations. Genetics, 93, 497–523.
Loukas, M, Krimbas, C B, and Morgan, K. 1980. The genetics of Drosophila subobscura populations. XIV. Further data on linkage disequilibria. Genetics, 95, 757–768.
Macintyre, R J, and Wright, T R F. 1966. Responses of Esterase-6 alleles of Drosophila melanogaster to selection in experimental populations. Genetics, 53, 371–375.
Mane, S D, Tepper, C S, and Richmond, R C. 1983. Studies of Esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XIII. Purification and characterization of the two major isozymes. Biochem Genet, 21, 1019–1040.
Mittler, S, and Bennet, J. 1962. A simple food medium that requires no live yeast with the minimum of variables. Drosophila Inform Sew, 36, 131–132.
Morgan, P. 1976. Frequency dependent selection at two enzyme loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature, 263, 765–766.
Mukai, T, Mettler, L E, and Chigusa, S. 1971. Linkage disequilibrium in a local population of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci, USA, 68, 1065–1069.
Mukai, T, Watanabe, T K, and Yamaguchi, O. 1984. The genetic structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XII. Linkage disequilibrium in a large local population. Genetics, 77, 771–793.
Mukai, T, and Voelker, R A. 1977. The genetic structure of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XIII. Further studies on linkage disequilibrium. Genetics, 86, 175–185.
Oakeshott, J G, Chambers, C K, Gibson, J B, and Will-Cocks, D A. 1981. Latitudinal relationships of Esterase-6 and Phosphoglucomutase gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity, 47, 385–396.
Powell, J R, and Andjelkovic, M. 1983. Population genetics of Drosophila amylase. IV. Selection in laboratory populations maintained on different carbohydrates. Genetics, 103, 675–689.
Richmond, R C, Gilbert, D G, Sheeman, K B, Gromko, M H, and Butterworth, F M. 1980. Esterase-6 and reproduction in Drosophila melanogaster. Science, 207, 1483–1485.
Richmond, R C, and Senior, A. 1981. Studies of Esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. IX. Kinetics of transfer to females, decay in females and male recover. J Insect Physiol, 21, 849–853.
Tepper, C S, Richmond, R C, Terry, A L, and Senior, A. 1982. Studies of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XL Modification of esterase-6 activity by unlinked genes. Genet Res Camb, 40, 109–125.
Tepper, C S, Terry, A L, Holmes, J E, and Richmond, R C. 1984. Studies of esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. XIV. Variation of esterase-6 levels controlled by unlinked genes in natural populations. Genet Res Camb, 43, 181–190.
Thorsby, E. 1974. The human major histocompatibility system. Transplant Rev, 18, 51–129.
Treat, L G, Doane, W W, and Macintyre, R J. 1980. Biochemical loci of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). In Genetic Maps, vol. I, (Ed.) S. J. O'Brien. N.I.H. Bethesda.
Triantaphyllidis, C D, Scouras, Z G, Panourgias, J N, and Ioannidis, G C. 1982. Allozyme variation in Greek wild populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans along a North-South gradient. Genetica, 58, 129–136.
Trippa, G, Danieli, G A, Costa, R, and Scozzari, R. 1978. Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and Esterase-6 (Est-6) alleles in Drosophila melanogaster: an attempt to detect linkage disequilibrium. Genetica, 49, 225–227.
Wills, C, and Nichols, L. 1971. Single gene heterosis revealed by inbreeding. Nature, 233, 123–125.
Wills, C, Phelps, J, and Ferguson, R. 1975. Further evidence for selective differences between isoalleles in Drosophila. Genetics, 79, 127–141.
Wright, T R F. 1963. The genetics of an esterase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics, 48, 787–801.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper is dedicated to Professor Giuseppe Montalenti on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Costa, R., Nigro, L., Cambissa, V. et al. Selection in highly inbred populations of Drosophila melanogaster polymorphic at a single locus. Heredity 54, 195–202 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1985.26
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1985.26
This article is cited by
-
List of publications of Suresh D. Jayakar
Journal of Genetics (1990)
-
Esterase-6 polymorphism inDrosophila melanogaster:Effects of temperature and methyl malonate on genotypic trajectories in polymorphic populations set up with highly inbred lines
Journal of Genetics (1986)
-
Est-6 in Drosophila melanogaster: effects of genetic composition, temperature and oviposition period on fitness in laboratory populations polymorphic for rare alleles
Heredity (1985)