This supplement is the third proceedings of a conference titled ‘Evidence vs Experience in Neonatal Practices’. The first conference held in October 2004 included formal lectures and discussions, which involved both participants and attendees. The second proceedings from the second annual conference (June 2005) utilized the same format and merged evidence with experience with the goal of developing and defining ‘best practices’ in neonatal medicine.

The third conference, which took place in Boston (16–17 June 2006), again maintained the same format but with a more defined focus on current treatment options and practical guidance to the practicing neonatologist. Drs Seri (program chair), Bhatia, Ramanathan and Sekar assembled an outstanding group of neonatologists to discuss issues that are important to the daily practice of neonatology. The four sessions were separated by different topics, which are detailed in the following introduction by Dr Istvan Seri.

The readers of the Journal of Perinatology will once again find this supplement up to date, complete and lively with presentations and discussions, which continue to define clearly how we practice neonatology today and the many implications for the future.