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Quantum physics

Atomic gas in flatland

The observation of Bose–Einstein condensation in an atomic gas was a seminal result. Two-dimensional gases are more complex, and an intriguing interference experiment has exposed a different superfluid transition.

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Figure 1: Qualitative phase diagram for a two-dimensional trapped atomic Bose gas.

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Esslinger, T., Blatter, G. Atomic gas in flatland. Nature 441, 1053–1054 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/4411053a

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