Abstract
THE level of the Dead Sea, the lowest (about ā400 m) and one of the most salty (salinity about 340 g lā1) lakes on earth, is lowering at a rate of approximately 0.5m annually owing to extensive exploitation of its main perennial tributary (the Jordan River) and the extreme aridity of the region (annual precipitation is about 60 mm)1. Consequently, new hypersaline sea shores are exposed, forming a unique, originally sterile ecosystem. The first plants invade these newly exposed shores after several years while soil water salinity is still extremely high. Here we use stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen to show that a variety of such perennial pioneer plants are able to make use of occasional floodwater which is distinct from the bulk of the hypersaline soil water found in their root zone. Our results provide new insight into the ways in which plants can invade extremely hostile environments and extend their ecological limits of distribution.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Klein, C. Scientific Basis for Water Resources Management (ed., M. Diskin) Vol. 2, 197ā224 (IAHS publication no. 153, Oxford, UK, 1985).
Aloni, E. & Waisel, Y. Proc. Third Plant Life of South-west Asia Symposium (eds Frey, W. & Kurschner, H.) (Freie UniversitƤt, Berlin, 1990).
Shatkay, M., Magaritz, M. & Gat, J. R. J. Coastal Res. 4, 257ā272 (1988).
Levitt, J. Responses of Plants to Environmental Stress Vol. 2, 607 (Academic, New York, 1980).
Waisel, Y. Biology of Halophytes (Academic, New York, 1972).
Flower, T. J., Hajibacheri, M. A. & Clipson, N. J. W. Q. Rev. Biol. 61, 313ā337 (1986).
Zohary, M. & Orshansky, G. Palestine J. Bot. (Jerusalem Series) 4, 177ā206 (1949).
White, J. W. C. in Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research Ecological Studies 68 (eds Rundel, P. W., Ehleringer, J. R. & Nagy, K. A.) 142ā162 (Springer, Berlin, 1989).
Sternberg, L. S. L. & Swart, P. K. Ecology 68, 1898ā1905 (1987).
Sternberg, L. S. L., Ish-Shalom-Gordon, N., Ross, M. & O'Brien, J. Oecologia 88, 305ā310 (1991).
Dawson, T. E. & Ehleringer, J. R. Nature 350, 335ā337 (1991).
Mensforth, L. J., Thorburn, P. J., Tyerman, S. D. & Walker, G. R. Oecologia 100, 21ā28 (1994).
Ehleringer, J. R. & Dawson, T. E. Plant Cell Environ. 15, 1073ā1082 (1992).
Lin, G. & Sternberg, L. S. L. Oecologia 90, 399ā403 (1992).
Bentor, Y. K. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 25, 239ā260 (1961).
Neev, D. & Emery, K. O. Geol. Surv. Isr. (bulletin no. 41, 1967).
Gat, J. R. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 71, 361ā376 (1984).
Horita, J. & Gat, J. R. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 53, 131ā133 (1989).
Yechieli, Y. thesis, Weizmann Inst. Israel (1993).
Allison, G. B., Gat, J. R. & Leaney, F. W. Chem. Geol. 58, 145ā156 (1985).
Yakir, D., De Niro, M. J. & Gat, J. R. Plant Cell Environ. 13, 49ā56 (1990).
Brendtsson, R. & Chen, H. J. arid Environ. 27, 127ā139 (1994).
Yakir, D. et al. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta 58, 3535ā3539 (1994).
Yakir, D., Ting, I. & DeNiro, M. J. J. Plant Physiol. 144, 607ā612 (1944).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yakir, D., Yechieli, Y. Plant invasion of newly exposed hypersaline Dead Sea shores. Nature 374, 803ā805 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1038/374803a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/374803a0
This article is cited by
-
Stable oxygen-hydrogen isotopes reveal water use strategies of Tamarix taklamakanensis in the Taklimakan Desert, China
Journal of Arid Land (2020)
-
Isotopic signatures of stem water reveal differences in water sources accessed by mangrove tree species
Hydrobiologia (2017)
-
The response of the mangrove Avicennia marina to heterogeneous salinity measured using a split-root approach
Plant and Soil (2015)
-
Plant growth and physiology under heterogeneous salinity
Plant and Soil (2012)
-
Stable isotope composition of water in desert plants
Plant and Soil (2007)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.