Models of heat convection suggested that any liquid on Callisto, one of Jupiter's moons, must be frozen. But those models did not take into account the different properties a surface layer of ice might have.
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Bennett, K. Uncool Callisto. Nature 412, 395–396 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35086688
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35086688
