Chemoprotective gene transfer I: transduction of human haemopoietic progenitors with O⁶-benzylguanine-resistant O⁶-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase attenuates the toxic effects of O⁶-alkylating agents in vitro

Abstract

Retroviral transduction was used to introduce cDNAs encoding two mutants of human O⁶-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (hAT), one of which (hATPA) is 16 times more resistant to O⁶-benzylguanine (O⁶-beG), and the other (hATPA/GA) which is almost totally refractory to inactivation relative to the wild-type protein, into K562 human erythroleukaemic cells. A colony-forming assay was used to demonstrate significant protection (P < 0.001) against mitozolomide or temozolomide toxicity in k562 clones expressing either hat mutant, as determined from an in vitro assay of activity. however, protection against these agents was reduced in hatpa expressing cells in the presence of 1 μm o⁶-beG and was lost in the presence of 20 μM O⁶-beG while cells expressing hATPA/GA retained protection even in the presence of 20 μM O⁶-beG (P < 0.001). using primary human cord blood-derived cd34⁺ haemopoietic cells in which PCR analy-sis indicated that up to 70% of progenitors were trans- duced with retroviral constructs harbouring hATPA/GA, we observed significant protection of the granulocyte–macrophage colony-forming cells against mitozolomide (P < 0.05) and temozolomide (p < 0.001) induced toxicity in the presence of o⁶-beG. These findings indicate that retrovirus-mediated expression of hATPA/GA in primitive primary human haemopoietic cells is possible and does provide O⁶-beG-resistant protection for these cells. Using this strategy in patients may simultaneously permit attenuated myelosuppression and increased sensitivity of tumour cells to the effects of O⁶-alkylating agent chemotherapy. These data, taken together with the study reported by Chinnasamy et al in the accompanying article in this issue showing reduced toxicity and clastogenicity in murine haemopoietic progenitors, make a compelling case to test this strategy clinically.