Palaeomagnetism of Lower Cretaceous tuffs from Yukon-Kuskokwim delta region, western Alaska

Abstract

During the past decade, the prescient arguments^1–3 for the allochthoneity of large portions of southern Alaska have been corroborated by detailed geological and palaeomagnetic studies in south-central Alaska^4–9 the Alaska Peninsula¹⁰, Kodiak Island^11,12 and the Prince William Sound area¹³ (Fig. 1). These investigations have demonstrated sizeable northward displacements for rocks of late Palaeozoic, Mesozoic, and early Tertiary age in those regions, with northward motion at times culminating in collision of the allochthonous terranes against the backstop of ‘nuclear’ Alaska^14,15. A fundamental question is which parts of Alaska underwent significantly less latitudinal translation relative to the ‘stable’ North American continent, thereby serving as the ‘accretionary nucleus’ into which the displaced ‘microplates’¹⁶ were eventually incorporated^17,18? Here we present new palaeomagnetic results from tuffs and associated volcaniclastic rocks of early Cretaceous age from the Yukon–Kuskokwin delta region in western Alaska. These rocks were probably overprinted during the Cretaceous long normal polarity interval, although a remagnetization event as recent as Palaeocene cannot be ruled out. This overprint direction is not appreciably discordant from the expected late Cretaceous direction for cratonal North America. The implied absence of appreciable northward displacement for this region is consistent with the general late Mesozoic–early Tertiary tectonic pattern for Alaska, based on more definitive studies: little to no poleward displacement for central Alaska, though substantially more northward drift for the ‘southern Alaska terranes’ (comprising Alaska Peninsula, Kodiak Island, Prince William Sound area, and Matunuska Valley) since late Cretaceous to Palaeocene time.