Abstract
The failure of axons to elongate in the injured central nervous system (CNS) of adult mammals restricts drastically the establishment of connections with target tissues situated more than a few millimetres away. Mechanisms that include a primary inability of some nerve cells to support renewed axonal growth, a premature formation of synapses on nearby neurones1, an obstruction caused by the formation of a glial scar2,3 and other influences of the microenvironment4–7 are presumed to contribute to the failure of nerve fibres to regenerate as effectively in the CNS as in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Support for the hypothesis that conditions in the glial environment of injured fibres have a decisive role in successful axonal elongation has recently come from studies using transplants containing either central glia or peripheral nerve segments as conduits of axon growth7,8. While CNS glial grafts have been shown to prevent growth of PNS fibres7–9, experiments which used labelling techniques to trace the source of axons growing into PNS grafts provided evidence that processes from nerve cells in the spinal cord and medulla oblongata of adult rats may increase in length by 1 or more centimetres when the CNS glial environment is replaced by that of peripheral nerves10,11. Here we report for the first time the extensive elongation of axons from neurones in the brain of adult rats through PNS grafts introduced into the cerebral hemispheres.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bernstein, J. J. & Bernstein, M. E. Expl Neurol. 30, 336–361 (1971).
Windle, W. F. Physiol. Rev. 36, 426–440 (1956).
Clemente, C. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 6, 257–301 (1964).
Cajal, S. R. Degeneration and Regeneration of the Nervous System (ed. May, R.M.)(Oxford University Press, London 1928).
Tello, F. Trab. Lab. Invest. biol. Univ. Madr. 9, 123–159 (1911).
Varon, S. Expl Neurol. 54, 1–6 (1977).
Aguayo, A. J., Bray, G. M., Perkins, C. S. & Duncan, I. D. Soc. Neurosci. Symp. 4, 361–383 (1979).
Aguayo, A. J., David, S., Richardson, P. & Bray, G. M. Advances in Cellular Neurobiology (eds Fedoroff, S. & Hertz, L.) Vol. 3, 215–234 (Academic, New York, 1982).
Weinberg, E. L. & Spencer, P. S. Brain Res. 162, 273–279 (1979).
Richardson, P. M., McGuinness, U. M. & Aguayo, A. J. Nature 284, 264–265 (1980).
David, S. & Aguayo, A. J. Science 214, 931–933 (1981).
Mesulam, M.-M. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 26, 106–117 (1978).
Liu, C. N. & Chambers, W. W. Archs Neurol. Psychiat., Lond. 79, 46–61 (1958).
Raisman, G. & Field, P. M. Brain Res. 50, 241–264 (1973).
Goldberger, M. E. & Murray, M. in Neuronal Plasticity (ed. Cotman, C. W.) 73–96 (Raven, New York, 1978).
Lundborg, G., Longo, F. L. & Varon, S. Brain Res. 232, 157–161 (1982).
Ebendal, T. & Richardson, P. M. Proc. 11th ann. Meet. Soc. Neurosci. (1981).
Graybiel, A. M. & Ragsdale, C. W. Prog. Brain Res. 51, 239–284 (1979).
Pellegrino, L. J., Pellegrino, A. S. & Cushman, A. J. A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Rat Brain (Plenum, New York, 1979).
Lasek, R. J. & Hoffman, P. N. Cell Motility (eds Goldman, R., Pollard, T. & Rosenbaum, J.) 1021–1051 (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, 1976).
Grafstein, B. & McQuarrie, I. G. in Neuronal Plasticity (ed. Cotman, C. W.) 155–195 (Raven, New York, 1978).
Varon, S. S. & Bunge, R. P. A. Rev. Neurosci. 1, 327–361 (1978).
Bunge, R. P. & Bunge, M. B. J. Cell Biol. 78, 943–950 (1978).
Sidman, R. L. & Wessells, N. K. Expl. Neurol. 48, 237–251 (1975).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Benfey, M., Aguayo, A. Extensive elongation of axons from rat brain into peripheral nerve grafts. Nature 296, 150–152 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1038/296150a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/296150a0
This article is cited by
-
Effect of lesion proximity on the regenerative response of long descending propriospinal neurons after spinal transection injury
BMC Neuroscience (2019)
-
Complementary research models and methods to study axonal regeneration in the vertebrate retinofugal system
Brain Structure and Function (2018)
-
Mesenchymal cell populations: development of the induction systems for Schwann cells and neuronal cells and finding the unique stem cell population
Anatomical Science International (2012)
-
Drawing breath after spinal injury
Nature (2011)
-
Intrinsic response of thoracic propriospinal neurons to axotomy
BMC Neuroscience (2010)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.