Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Letter
  • Published:

Late Phanerozoic extent of dry land

Abstract

The extent of dry land during post-Carboniferous time seems to have fluctuated about a constant mean—no secular decrease in marine inundation of the continents can be identified. Such a decrease was first proposed by Egyed1, who tried to show, with palaeogeographical measurements, that the seas have withdrawn steadily during the Phanerozoic; he deduced on this basis that the Earth is expanding. The idea of an expanding Earth has had little support2, but the steady marine recession seems to be more widely accepted. Hallam3, for example, confirmed Egyed's finding, and explained it as arising from orogenesis. My new estimate of the extent of the dry land, however, casts doubt on these earlier results, largely by taking into account continental drift and the progressive extension of shelf seas around the young Atlantic and Indian Oceans.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Egyed, L. Geofis. pura appl. 33, 42–48 (1956); Nature 178, 534 (1956).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. Glikson, A. Y. Geology 7, 449–454 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hallam, A. Nature 269, 769–772 (1977); 232, 180–182 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wise, D. U. in The Geology of Continental Margins (eds Burk, C. A. & Drake, C. L.) 45–58 (Springer, New York, 1974).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Vail, P. R., Mitchum, R. M. Jr & Thompson, S. III Am. Ass. petrol. Geol. Mem. 26, 83–97 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Armstrong, R. L. Nature 221, 1042–1043 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Davies, G. F. J. geophys. Res. 85, 2517–2530 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Turcotte, D. L. & Burke, K. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 41, 341–346 (1978).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. O'Nions, R. K. & Pankhurst, R. J. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 38, 211–236 (1978).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Cook, F. A. et al. Geology 7, 563–567 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. McKenzie, D. Earth planet. Sci. Lett. 40, 25–32 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Sclater, J. G. & Christie, P. A. F. J. geophys. Res. 85, 3711–3739 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Southam, J. R. & Hay, W. W. J. geophys. Res. 82, 3825–3842 (1977).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Harrison, C. G. A. et al. EOS 61, 1124 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Bond, G. Geology 6, 247–250 (1976); J. Geol. 86, 47–65 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Schlee, J. S. Prof. Pap. P1167 (US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 1980).

  17. Sheridan, R. E. in The Geology of Continental Margins (eds Burk, C. A. & Drake, C. L.) 391–407 (Springer, New York, 1974).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  18. Baker, B. & Miller, J. Nature 199, 346–348 (1963).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Blant, G. (ed.) Sedimentary Basins of the African Coasts, Pt 2, South and East Coasts (Association of African Geology Surveys, Paris, 1973).

  20. Hayes, D. E. (ed.) Antarctic Oceanology II: The Australian-New Zealand Sector, Antarctic Res. Ser. 19 (American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, 1972).

  21. Nairn, A. E. M. & Stehli, F. G. (eds) The Ocean Basins and Margins Vol. 1 (Plenum, New York, 1973).

  22. Theron, J. C. in Gondwana Geology (ed. Campbell, K. S. W.) 61–74 (Australian National University Press, Canberra, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Veevers, J. J. & Cotterill, D. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 89, 337–355 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Smith, A. G. & Briden, J. C. Mesozoic and Cenozoic Palaeocontinental Maps (Cambridge University Press, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Termier, H. & Termier, G. Histoire Géologique de la Biosphère (Masson, Paris, 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Elliott, D. H. Am. J. Sci. 275A, 45–106 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Petters, S. W. J. Geol. 86, 311–322 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hallam, A. J. Geol. 79, 129–157 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Harrington, H. J. Bull. Am. Ass. petrol. Geol. 46, 1773–1814 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Barron, E. J., Sloan, J. L. II & Harrison, C. G. A. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol. 30, 17–40 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Morel, P. & Irving, E. J. Geol. 86, 535–561 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Ziegler, A. M. et al. Tectonophysics 40, 13–51 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Holmes, A. Principles of Physical Geology 2nd edn, 968–970 (Nelson, London, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Briden, J. C., Drewry, G. E. & Smith, A. G. J. Geol. 82, 555–574 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nelson, A. B. Rand Pap. P-5612 (Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, 1976).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Cogley, J. Late Phanerozoic extent of dry land. Nature 291, 56–58 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1038/291056a0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/291056a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing