In vitro infection of CD4⁺ T lymphocytes with HTLV-I generates immortalized cell lines coexpressing lymphoid and myeloid cell markers

Abstract

The human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL). CD4⁺ lymphocytes are the preferential targets of infection, even though other cell types can be infected in vitro by the virus. Although ATL cells show CD3 and CD4 surface markers, some ATL-derived cell lines were reported to express also myeloid antigens. In order to analyze possible phenotypic changes induced by HTLV-I after infection of human lymphocytes, CD4⁺ cells were isolated from peripheral blood of three healthy donors, by separation through immunomagnetic beads. CD4⁺ lymphocytes were then infected by coculture with irradiated HTLV-I producing MT-2 cells. The phenotypic profile of infected cells was studied by flow cytometric analysis using monoclonal antibodies against lymphoid (CD3, CD4, TCR α/β) and myelomonocitic markers (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD34). The results show that HTLV-I immortalized cell lines coexpressed CD13, CD33 and lymphoid markers. No expression of CD14, CD15 and CD34 was observed. These data suggest that the presence of both myeloid and lymphoid phenotype in HTLV-I infected T cells is the results of an induction rather than a selection mechanism.