Abstract
IN 1942 Wheland1 proposed a model for the activated complex in the aromatic electrophilic, radical and nucleophilic substitution reactions. This model was the object of semi-empirical quantum mechanical calculations and was formulated as follows 
where the asterisk stays for a plus charge, an unpaired electron or a minus charge, respectively.
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References
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DESTRO, R., GRAMACCIOLI, C. & SIMONETTA, M. Geometry of Meisenheimer Salts. Nature 215, 389–390 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1038/215389a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/215389a0
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