Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

An Electrokinematic Theory of Muscle Contraction*

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Elliott, G. F., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 160, 467 (1964).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Huxley, H. E., in The Cell, 4, edit. by Brachet, J., and Mirsky, A. E. (Academic Press, New York, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Huxley, H. E., J. Mol. Biol., 7, 281 (1963).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Huxley, H. E., Muscle, first ed., edit. by Paul, W. M., Daniel, E. E., Kay, C. M., and Monckton, G. (Pergamon Press, London, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  5. Reedy, M. K., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 160, 458 (1964).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Huxley, H. E., and Hanson, J., Nature, 173, 973 (1954).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Huxley, H. E., Endeavour, 15, 177 (1956).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Huxley, A. F., and Niedergerke, R., Nature, 173, 971 (1954).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Huxley, A. F., in Prog. Biophys. and Biophysical Chem., edit. by Butler, J. A. V., and Katz, B., 7 (Pergamon Press, London, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Spencer, M., and Worthington, C. R., Nature, 187, 388 (1960).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Bailey, K., Biochem. J. (London), 43, 271 (1948).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Bárány, M., Gaetjens, E., Bárány, K., and Karp, E., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 106, 280 (1964).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Brahms, J., and Brezner, J., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 95, 219 (1961).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Dubuisson, M., Biol. Revs. Cambridge Phil. Soc., 25, 46 (1950).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Lynn, W. S., Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 110, 262 (1965).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Nanninga, L. B., Nature, 194, 187 (1962).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bárány, M., Koshland, D. E., Springhorn, S. S., Finkelman, F., and Therattil-Antony, T., J. Biol. Chem., 239, 1917 (1964).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Martonosi, A., and Gouvea, M. A., J. Biol. Chem., 236, 1345 (1961).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Martonosi, A., Molino, C. M., and Gergely, J., J. Biol. Chem., 239, 1057 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kobayasi, S. et al., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 88, 528, 541 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Alexander, R. S., and Johnson, P. D., Amer. J. Physiol., 208, 412 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Hill, A. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 141, 161 (1953).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Remington, J. W., Tissue Elasticity (Amer. Physiol. Soc., Washington, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Woledge, R. C., J. Physiol. (London), 155, 187 (1961).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Constantin, L. L., Franzmi-Armstrong, C., and Podolsky, R. J., Science, 147, 158 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Hasselbach, W., Fed. Proc., 23, 909 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Hasselbach, W., Prog. Biophys. and Mol. Biol., 14, 173, 194 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Martonosi, A., and Feretos, R., J. Biol. Chem., 239, 648 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Bianchi, C. P., Biophys. of Physiol. and Pharm. Act., 281 (Amer. Assoc. Ad. Sci., 1961).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Ebashi, S., and Lipmann, F., J. Cell Biol., 14, 389 (1962).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Kuhn, W., Toth, I., and Ramel, A., Nature, 199, 1154 (1963).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Sandow, A., Taylor, S. R., and Preiser, H., Fed. Proc., 24, 1116 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Winegrad, S., Fed. Proc., 24, 1146 (1965).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Filo, R. S., Bohr, D. F., and Ruegg, J. C., Science, 147, 1581 (1965).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Podolsky, R. J., and Costantin, L. L., Fed. Proc., 23, 933 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Weber, A., Herz, R., and Reiss, I., Fed. Proc., 23, 896 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Birks, R. I., in Muscle, first ed., 199 (Pergamon Press, London, 1965).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Franzini-Armstrong, C., Fed. Proc., 23, 887 (1964).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Lee, K. S., Nature, 207, 85 (1965).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Hasselbach, W., Prog. Biophys. and Mol. Biol., 14, 187 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Podolsky, R. J., J. Physiol. (Lond.), 170, 110 (1964).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Weber, A., and Herz, R., J. Biol. Chem., 238, 599 (1963).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Attwood, S. S., Electric and Magnetic Fields, third ed., 81 (John Wiley and Sons, London, 1949).

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Elliott, G. F., Lowy, J., and Millman, B. M., Nature, 206, 1357 (1965).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Booth, F., Prog. Biophys. and Biophysical Chem., edit. by Butler, J. A. V., and Randall, J. T., 3, 142 (Pergamon Press, London, 1953).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Carslaw, H. S., and Jaeger, J. C., Conduction of Heat in Solids, second ed., 133 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1959).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Crank, J., The Mathematics of Diffusion, first ed., 121 (Oxford Univ. Press, 1957).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Gasser, H. S., and Hill, A. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 96, 398 (1924).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hill, A. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 126, 136 (1938).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Hill, A. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 136, 399 (1949).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Hill, A. V., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 159, 589 (1964).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Ritchie, J. M., and Wilkie, D. R., J. Physiol. (Lond.), 130, 488 (1955).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Walker, S. M., Amer. J. Phys. Med., 39, 207 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  54. Brown, D. E. S., Biol. Symp., 3, 161 (1941).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Jewell, B. R., and Wilkie, D. R., J. Physiol. (London), 152, 30 (1960).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Norris, F. H., Amer. J. Physiol., 201, 403 (1961).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Buchthal, F., Dan. Biol. Medd., 17 (1942).

  58. Ramsey, R. W., and Street, S. F., J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 15, 11 (1940).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Ramsey, R. W., and Street, S. F., Biol. Symp., 3, 9 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Gordon, A. M., Huxley, A. F., and Julian, F. J., J. Physiol. (Lond.), 171, 28P (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Carlsen, F., Knappeis, G. G., and Buchthal, F., J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol., 11, 95 (1961).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Helander, E., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 60, 265 (1962).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Lowry, J., Millman, B. M., and Hanson, J., Proc. Roy. Soc., B, 160, 528 (1964).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  64. Cooper, S., and Eccles, J. C., J. Physiol. (Lond.), 69, 377 (1930).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Macpherson, L., and Wilkie, D. R., J. Physiol. (Lond.), 124, 292 (1954).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

INGELS, N., THOMPSON, N. An Electrokinematic Theory of Muscle Contraction*. Nature 211, 1032–1035 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1038/2111032a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/2111032a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing