Abstract
THE usual measure of sporadic E-layer ionization is the so-called 'critical frequency', that is, the highest reflected frequency for this layer. While this definition is suitable for all other ionospheric layers, it is not sufficient for the sporadic E-layer (Es), because it consists of ionized clouds and has no homogeneous ionization. Partial reflexion is a normal phenomenon for this layer.
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RAWER, K. Measurement of Sporadic E-Layer lonization. Nature 163, 528–529 (1949). https://doi.org/10.1038/163528a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/163528a0
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