Abstract
BALB/c mice are susceptible to the development of pristane-induced plasma cell tumors, and have a rare allelic variant in the coding region of the p16INK4a (p16) tumor suppressor gene that produces a protein with impaired activity. We have now found that the BALB/c p16 promoter has an allelic variant that may also compromise p16 activity. Following pristane treatment, BALB/c p16 mRNA levels in B cells were lower than that in DBA/2 or C.D2-Pctr1, a resistant BALB/c congenic strain that harbors DBA/2 chromatin surrounding the p16 locus. Four sequence variants were found between BALB/c and DBA/2 in the p16 promoter region. In reporter assays, the DBA promoter was at least four times more active in driving luciferase expression than the BALB/c promoter. Most of the difference in activity was localized to a single nucleotide deletion in BALB/c. This deletion created a consensus binding site for RREB, a ras-responsive transcriptional element with zinc-finger binding motifs. Transient transfections with RREB confirmed that the p16 promoter can be downregulated by RREB, in a Ras- or Mek-dependent manner, and that the BALB/c promoter is more sensitive than DBA/2 to regulation by RREB. BALB/c mice have both regulatory and coding region defects that may contribute to the impairment of p16 gene function.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Wendy DuBois for providing us with pristane-primed mice, Klaus Felix for sharing his time and protocols in the isolation and enrichment of splenic lymphocytes for B cells, Barry Nelkin (JHU) for providing us with an RREB cDNA, Christine Meek for her efforts in sequencing the p16 promoter and RREB constructs, Bill Vass for his assistance with the NIH 3T3 transfections, and Wei Shi for valuable discussions.
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Zhang, S., Qian, X., Redman, C. et al. p16INK4a gene promoter variation and differential binding of a repressor, the ras-responsive zinc-finger transcription factor, RREB. Oncogene 22, 2285–2295 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206257
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1206257
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