An observational study of the medical events associated with clinician-initiated changes in treatment for essential hypertension

Abstract

We report a retrospective longitudinal observational study of co-morbidities and medical events associated with initiations and changes in antihypertensive therapy in 475 hypertensive patients of a large general practice. The median follow-up time was 7.0 years for males and 7.2 years for females. The data showed a low frequency of appropriate lifestyle recommendations (<30%), a gender-bias in lifestyle recommendations against women and that more than half of all patients’ blood pressure (BP) was uncontrolled when last seen. Nearly half of all patients had co-morbidities relevant to essential hypertension (EHT) at first treatment for EHT and more than 11% of patients had more than one such co-morbidity. Whilst there was an increase in usage of ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers (CCB) as first treatment for EHT, there was also evidence that the existence of relevant co-morbidities rationally accounted for the majority of that increase. There were 5176 medical events relevant to EHT associated with change of drug or dosage treatment of EHT and the study provided evidence that the occurrence of such relevant medical events can rationally account for the majority of changes to EHT treatment. The study suggests that whilst general practitioners may fail to promote lifestyle changes to their patients with EHT, there is evidence that, when examined in sufficient detail, general practitioners’ decisions to initiate changes in antihypertensive therapy are in keeping with the evidence base.