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Atmospheric science is the study of the dynamics and chemistry of the layers of gas that surround the Earth, other planets and moons. This encompasses the interactions between various parts of the atmosphere as well as interactions with the oceans and freshwater systems, the biosphere and human activities.
The response of ozone in the secondary ozone layer to energetic particle precipitation events leads to significant changes in ozone concentration globally due to induced residual circulation changes, suggest satellite-based observations and numerical modelling.
Intensified surface winds over the Arctic are driven by increasing downward momentum transfer in winter and by decreasing surface roughness due to sea-ice decline in summer, suggest analyses of climate model simulations and reanalysis data.
A causal link exists between the North-Pacific index, which measures sea-level pressure in the Northern Pacific Ocean, and the frequency of rain-on-snow events in North America, according to convergent cross mapping.
Aerosol–cloud interactions are the largest uncertainty in radiative forcing. We combined machine learning and long-term satellite observations to quantify aerosol fingerprints on tropical marine clouds, using degassing volcanic events in Hawaii as natural experiences, and found that cloud cover increased relatively by 50% in humid and stable atmosphere, leading to strong cooling radiative forcing.