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A vision chip with complementary pathways for open-world sensing
Inspired by the human visual system, a vision chip with primitive-based complementary pathways is developed to overcome the power and bandwidth wall of vision systems, achieving fast, precise, robust and high-dynamic-range sensing efficiently in the open world.
- Zheyu Yang
- , Taoyi Wang
- & Luping Shi
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Monolithic three-dimensional tier-by-tier integration via van der Waals lamination
We develop a low-temperature, damage-free process using van der Waals lamination to integrate multiple circuit tiers into a monolithic three-dimensional device, incorporating unique multi-tier functionality and resolving legacy issues with the layering technology.
- Donglin Lu
- , Yang Chen
- & Yuan Liu
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Strain-invariant stretchable radio-frequency electronics
Stretchable radio-frequency electronics based on a dielectro-elastic elastomer is demonstrated to be capable of completely maintaining operating frequencies unaffected by strain and shows superior electrical, mechanical and thermal properties compared with conventional stretchable substrate materials.
- Sun Hong Kim
- , Abdul Basir
- & Yei Hwan Jung
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| Open AccessMulti-project wafers for flexible thin-film electronics by independent foundries
The iconic 6502 microprocessor designed in two key thin-film transistor technologies by independent foundries is used to demonstrate and expand the multi-project wafer approach for flexible electronics.
- Hikmet Çeliker
- , Wim Dehaene
- & Kris Myny
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| Open AccessSelenium-alloyed tellurium oxide for amorphous p-channel transistors
A pioneering design strategy for amorphous p-type semiconductors can be used in high-performance, stable p-channel TFTs and complementary circuits, which may establish viable amorphous p-channel TFT technology and large-area complementary electronics in a low-cost manner.
- Ao Liu
- , Yong-Sung Kim
- & Yong-Young Noh
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Giant energy storage and power density negative capacitance superlattices
Using a three-pronged approach — spanning field-driven negative capacitance stabilization to increase intrinsic energy storage, antiferroelectric superlattice engineering to increase total energy storage, and conformal three-dimensional deposition to increase areal energy storage density — very high electrostatic energy storage density and power density are reported in HfO2–ZrO2-based thin film microcapacitors integrated into silicon.
- Suraj S. Cheema
- , Nirmaan Shanker
- & Sayeef Salahuddin
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Phase-change memory via a phase-changeable self-confined nano-filament
We present a device that can reduce the phase-change memory reset current while maintaining a high on/off ratio, fast speed and small variations, representing advances for neuromorphic computing systems.
- See-On Park
- , Seokman Hong
- & Shinhyun Choi
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A global timekeeping problem postponed by global warming
Increased melting of ice in Greenland and Antarctica, measured by satellite gravity, has decreased the angular velocity of Earth more rapidly than before and has already affected global timekeeping.
- Duncan Carr Agnew
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A three-dimensional liquid diode for soft, integrated permeable electronics
Incorporation of a ‘liquid diode’ into a wearable electronic platform enhances comfort and stability by shunting away sweat as it accumulates.
- Binbin Zhang
- , Jiyu Li
- & Xinge Yu
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High-speed and large-scale intrinsically stretchable integrated circuits
High-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors with high driving ability and integrated circuits with high operation speed and large-scale integration were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design.
- Donglai Zhong
- , Can Wu
- & Zhenan Bao
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Ultra-compact quasi-true time delay for boosting wireless channel capacity
A quasi-true time delay is demonstrated for a microwave device implemented in a CMOS technology to miniaturize true-time-delay components of beam-steering systems, addressing the fundamental channel-capacity limitations and increasing data transmission in wireless communications.
- Bala Govind
- , Thomas Tapen
- & Alyssa Apsel
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Integrated lithium niobate microwave photonic processing engine
An integrated lithium niobate photonic processing engine performs integration and differentiation of analogue signals, solves ordinary differential equations, generates ultra-wideband microwave signals and detects edges in images.
- Hanke Feng
- , Tong Ge
- & Cheng Wang
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Moiré synaptic transistor with room-temperature neuromorphic functionality
We report the experimental realization and room-temperature operation of a low-power (20 pW) moiré synaptic transistor based on an asymmetric bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré heterostructure.
- Xiaodong Yan
- , Zhiren Zheng
- & Mark C. Hersam
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Stable blue phosphorescent organic LEDs that use polariton-enhanced Purcell effects
Polariton-enhanced Purcell effects can be used to reduce the triplet density in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, thereby extending their operational lifetimes by decreasing the annihilation of high-energy, long-lived blue triplets.
- Haonan Zhao
- , Claire E. Arneson
- & Stephen R. Forrest
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| Open AccessVision-controlled jetting for composite systems and robots
We have developed an automated and high-throughput, three-dimensional, vision-controlled inkjet deposition process that enables the high-resolution, contactless printing of a range of materials with varying elastic moduli to create complex structures and robots.
- Thomas J. K. Buchner
- , Simon Rogler
- & Robert K. Katzschmann
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| Open AccessAll-analog photoelectronic chip for high-speed vision tasks
An all-analog chip combining electronic and light computing achieves systemic energy efficiency of more than three orders of magnitude and a computing speed of more than one order of magnitude compared with state-of-the-art computing processors.
- Yitong Chen
- , Maimaiti Nazhamaiti
- & Qionghai Dai
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| Open AccessChampion-level drone racing using deep reinforcement learning
An autonomous system is described that combines deep reinforcement learning with onboard sensors collecting data from the physical world, enabling it to fly faster than human world champion drone pilots around a race track.
- Elia Kaufmann
- , Leonard Bauersfeld
- & Davide Scaramuzza
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| Open AccessAn analog-AI chip for energy-efficient speech recognition and transcription
A low-power chip that runs AI models using analog rather than digital computation shows comparable accuracy on speech-recognition tasks but is more than 14 times as energy efficient.
- S. Ambrogio
- , P. Narayanan
- & G. W. Burr
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A high-performance neuroprosthesis for speech decoding and avatar control
A study using high-density surface recordings of the speech cortex in a person with limb and vocal paralysis demonstrates real-time decoding of brain activity into text, speech sounds and orofacial movements.
- Sean L. Metzger
- , Kaylo T. Littlejohn
- & Edward F. Chang
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Perspective |
The future transistors
The challenges and opportunities for the design of field-effect transistors are discussed and a vision of future transistors and potential innovation opportunities is provided.
- Wei Cao
- , Huiming Bu
- & Kaustav Banerjee
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Heat-assisted detection and ranging
Heat-assisted detection and ranging is experimentally shown to see texture and depth through darkness as if it were day, and also perceives decluttered physical attributes beyond RGB or thermal vision.
- Fanglin Bao
- , Xueji Wang
- & Zubin Jacob
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Fluidic self-assembly for MicroLED displays by controlled viscosity
A MicroLED lighting panel, assembled in 60 s by a surface-tension-driven fluidic self-assembly technique, gave a yield as high as 99.90% through the addition of a small amount of poloxamer to the assembly solution.
- Daewon Lee
- , Seongkyu Cho
- & Sunghoon Kwon
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Thousands of conductance levels in memristors integrated on CMOS
Chips with 256 × 256 memristor arrays that were monolithically integrated on complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits in a commercial foundry achieved 2,048 conductance levels in individual memristors.
- Mingyi Rao
- , Hao Tang
- & J. Joshua Yang
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| Open AccessHybrid 2D–CMOS microchips for memristive applications
High-integration-density 2D–CMOS hybrid microchips for memristive applications are made demonstrating in-memory computation and electrical response suitable for the implementation of spiking neural networks representing an advance towards integration of 2D materials in microelectronic products and memristive applications.
- Kaichen Zhu
- , Sebastian Pazos
- & Mario Lanza
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Ballistic two-dimensional InSe transistors
A two-dimensional field-effect transistor made of indium selenide is shown to outperform state-of-the-art silicon-based transistors, operating at lower supply voltage and achieving record high transconductance and ballistic ratio.
- Jianfeng Jiang
- , Lin Xu
- & Lian-Mao Peng
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| Open AccessSuppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit
A study demonstrating increasing error suppression with larger surface code logical qubits, implemented on a superconducting quantum processor.
- Rajeev Acharya
- , Igor Aleiner
- & Ningfeng Zhu
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Electronic metadevices for terahertz applications
Through microscopic manipulation of radiofrequency fields, a new class of compact terahertz devices is proposed, setting the stage for next-generation ultrafast semiconductor electronics.
- Mohammad Samizadeh Nikoo
- & Elison Matioli
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| Open AccessVertical organic electrochemical transistors for complementary circuits
Vertical organic electrochemical transistors demonstrating unprecedented performances in both p- and n-type operation modes have been synthesized from new electro-active and ion-permeable semiconducting polymers by the interface engineering of electro-active blend layers.
- Wei Huang
- , Jianhua Chen
- & Antonio Facchetti
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Perspective |
Dendrocentric learning for synthetic intelligence
The concept of dendrocentric learning artificial intelligence is proposed to replace synaptocentric learning, reducing the energy use requirement and removing the thermal constraint.
- Kwabena Boahen
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A hybrid optical–wireless network for decimetre-level terrestrial positioning
A terrestrial networked positioning system based on a hybrid optical–wireless telecommunication infrastructure and that is independent of global navigation satellite systems is demonstrated for urban environments with decimetre-level accuracy.
- Jeroen C. J. Koelemeij
- , Han Dun
- & Christian C. J. M. Tiberius
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Ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes
The authors develop a method for the production of ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieved with a simple in situ reaction process.
- Joo Sung Kim
- , Jung-Min Heo
- & Tae-Woo Lee
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Ferrobotic swarms enable accessible and adaptable automated viral testing
A handheld printed circuit board-based programmable platform using ferrobots can perform the complex, laboratory-equivalent procedures involved in multiplexed and pooled nucleic acid amplification testing, allowing for the decentralization of viral diagnostics.
- Haisong Lin
- , Wenzhuo Yu
- & Sam Emaminejad
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The time-programmable frequency comb and its use in quantum-limited ranging
A self-referenced optical frequency comb with digital electronics is used for real-time attosecond control of the comb’s pulse train, and can be used in quantum-limited sensing.
- Emily D. Caldwell
- , Laura C. Sinclair
- & Jean-Daniel Deschenes
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| Open AccessA compute-in-memory chip based on resistive random-access memory
A compute-in-memory neural-network inference accelerator based on resistive random-access memory simultaneously improves energy efficiency, flexibility and accuracy compared with existing hardware by co-optimizing across all hierarchies of the design.
- Weier Wan
- , Rajkumar Kubendran
- & Gert Cauwenberghs
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P-type electrical contacts for 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides
Clean van der Waals contacts of high-work-function metals have been demonstrated on few- and single-layered MoS2 and WSe2, leading to p-type characteristics on single-layer MoS2 and purely p-type characteristics on WSe2.
- Yan Wang
- , Jong Chan Kim
- & Manish Chhowalla
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Perspective |
Two-dimensional materials prospects for non-volatile spintronic memories
Developments, challenges and opportunities in using two-dimensional materials for the next generation of non-volatile spin-based memory technologies are reviewed, and possible disruptive improvements are discussed.
- Hyunsoo Yang
- , Sergio O. Valenzuela
- & Stephan Roche
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| Open AccessOrganic bipolar transistors
An organic bipolar junction transistor composed of highly crystalline rubrene thin films has a device architecture that could be used in organic electronics with greatly improved high-frequency performance
- Shu-Jen Wang
- , Michael Sawatzki
- & Karl Leo
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An on-chip photonic deep neural network for image classification
Using a three-layer opto-electronic neural network, direct, clock-less sub-nanosecond image classification on a silicon photonics chip is demonstrated, achieving a classification time comparable with a single clock cycle of state-of-the-art digital implementations.
- Farshid Ashtiani
- , Alexander J. Geers
- & Firooz Aflatouni
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Perspective |
Brain-inspired computing needs a master plan
The benefits and future prospects of neuromorphic, or bio-inspired, computing technologies are discussed, as is the need for a global, coordinated approach to funding, research and collaboration.
- A. Mehonic
- & A. J. Kenyon
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Intelligent infrared sensing enabled by tunable moiré quantum geometry
Tunable quantum geometric properties of moiré graphene enable the use of a convolutional neural network to simultaneously decipher the light polarization, power and wavelength in a subwavelength-scale smart device.
- Chao Ma
- , Shaofan Yuan
- & Fengnian Xia
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Ultrathin ferroic HfO2–ZrO2 superlattice gate stack for advanced transistors
In the standard Si transistor gate stack, replacing conventional dielectric HfO2 with an ultrathin ferroelectric–antiferroelectric HfO2–ZrO2 heterostructure exhibiting the negative capacitance effect demonstrates ultrahigh capacitance without degradation in leakage and mobility, promising for ferroelectric integration into advanced logic technology.
- Suraj S. Cheema
- , Nirmaan Shanker
- & Sayeef Salahuddin
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High-brightness all-polymer stretchable LED with charge-trapping dilution
A material design strategy and fabrication process is described to produce all-polymer light-emitting diodes with high brightness, current efficiency and good mechanical stability, with applications in skin electronics and human–machine interfaces.
- Zhitao Zhang
- , Weichen Wang
- & Zhenan Bao
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Single fibre enables acoustic fabrics via nanometre-scale vibrations
A piezoelectric fibre woven into a machine-washable fabric converts tenuous sound pressure into electric signals and is used to listen to cardiac sound, determine the source direction of a sound, and record and play back audio.
- Wei Yan
- , Grace Noel
- & Yoel Fink
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Wind dispersal of battery-free wireless devices
A dandelion-inspired wireless solar-powered sensing device weighing 30 milligrams that transmits data through radio backscatter achieves dispersal over a wide area by travelling on the breeze, and successfully lands upright.
- Vikram Iyer
- , Hans Gaensbauer
- & Shyamnath Gollakota
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A crossbar array of magnetoresistive memory devices for in-memory computing
A crossbar array of magnetic memory to execute analogue in-memory computing has been developed, and performs image classification and facial detection at low power.
- Seungchul Jung
- , Hyungwoo Lee
- & Sang Joon Kim
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High-frequency and intrinsically stretchable polymer diodes
A stretchable anode, cathode, semiconductor and current collector have been developed to create stretchable diodes that can operate at megahertz frequencies for use in wirelessly operated, skin-like wearable electronics.
- Naoji Matsuhisa
- , Simiao Niu
- & Zhenan Bao
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Transition metal-catalysed molecular n-doping of organic semiconductors
Electron doping of organic semiconductors is typically inefficient, but here a precursor molecular dopant is used to deliver higher n-doping efficiency in a much shorter doping time.
- Han Guo
- , Chi-Yuan Yang
- & Xugang Guo
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Scalable production of high-performing woven lithium-ion fibre batteries
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries produced in the form of metre-long fibres can be woven into sturdy, washable textiles on an industrial loom and used to power other fabric-based electronic components.
- Jiqing He
- , Chenhao Lu
- & Huisheng Peng
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Decision trees within a molecular memristor
Multiple redox transitions in a molecular memristor can be harnessed as ‘decision trees’ to undertake complex and reconfigurable logic operations in a single time step.
- Sreetosh Goswami
- , Rajib Pramanick
- & R. Stanley Williams