Featured
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Depleting myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells rejuvenates aged immunity
Antibody-mediated depletion of myeloid-biased haematopoietic stem cells in aged mice restores characteristic features of a more youthful immune system.
- Jason B. Ross
- , Lara M. Myers
- & Irving L. Weissman
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Article
| Open AccessDedifferentiation maintains melanocyte stem cells in a dynamic niche
Local microenvironmental cues modulate melanocyte stem cells, which control hair pigmentation, to enter different differentiation states, shifting between hair follicle stem cell and transit-amplifying compartments, a process that is different to other self-renewing systems.
- Qi Sun
- , Wendy Lee
- & Mayumi Ito
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Article |
Aged skeletal stem cells generate an inflammatory degenerative niche
An analysis of skeletal stem cells in mice reveals that bone ageing occurs at the level of local niches affecting skeletal and haematopoietic lineage output, which may influence systemic aspects of multi-organ physiological ageing.
- Thomas H. Ambrosi
- , Owen Marecic
- & Charles K. F. Chan
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Article |
Obesity accelerates hair thinning by stem cell-centric converging mechanisms
Obesity in mice, caused by a high-fat diet, induces hair loss as a result of changes in the differentiation of hair follicle stem cells.
- Hironobu Morinaga
- , Yasuaki Mohri
- & Emi K. Nishimura
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Article |
Tracing oncogene-driven remodelling of the intestinal stem cell niche
By inducing changes in surrounding tissue, mutant intestinal stem cells create an unfavourable niche environment that gives them a competitive advantage over non-mutant neighbours.
- Min Kyu Yum
- , Seungmin Han
- & Benjamin D. Simons
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Article |
Corticosterone inhibits GAS6 to govern hair follicle stem-cell quiescence
Stress inhibits hair growth in mice through the release of the stress hormone corticosterone from the adrenal glands, which inhibits the activation of hair follicle stem cells by suppressing the expression of a secreted factor, GAS6, from the dermal niche.
- Sekyu Choi
- , Bing Zhang
- & Ya-Chieh Hsu
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Article |
Creation of bladder assembloids mimicking tissue regeneration and cancer
Multilayer 3D reconstitution of bladder stem cells with stromal cells enables recapitulation of the architecture and molecular functions of bladder tissue.
- Eunjee Kim
- , Seoyoung Choi
- & Kunyoo Shin
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Article |
Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in human distal lung organoids
A long-term culture method for organoids derived from single adult human lung cells is used to identify progenitor cells and study SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Ameen A. Salahudeen
- , Shannon S. Choi
- & Calvin J. Kuo
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Article |
Capillary cell-type specialization in the alveolus
Single-cell analysis of blood vessels in the alveolus, the site of chronic disease and virus-induced lung injury, reveals two intermingled endothelial cell types with specialized gas exchange and stem cell functions.
- Astrid Gillich
- , Fan Zhang
- & Ross J. Metzger
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Article |
DNA-PKcs has KU-dependent function in rRNA processing and haematopoiesis
The catalytic subunit of DNA-PK autophosphorylates and contributes to ribosome biogenesis and haematopoiesis by binding to the U3 small nucleolar RNA.
- Zhengping Shao
- , Ryan A. Flynn
- & Eliezer Calo
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Article |
AQP5 enriches for stem cells and cancer origins in the distal stomach
AQP5 is identified as a marker for pyloric stem cells in humans and mice, and stem cells in the AQP5+ compartment are shown to be a source of invasive gastric cancer in mouse models.
- Si Hui Tan
- , Yada Swathi
- & Nick Barker
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Article |
Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells
Stress induces hair greying in mice through depletion of melanocyte stem cells, which is mediated by the activation of sympathetic nerves rather than through immune attack or adrenal stress hormones.
- Bing Zhang
- , Sai Ma
- & Ya-Chieh Hsu
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Article |
An acute immune response underlies the benefit of cardiac stem cell therapy
Cardiac stem cell therapy in mouse models of ischaemia–reperfusion injury demonstrates that improvement in heart function is linked to an immune response characterized by the induction of CCR2+ and CX3CR1+ macrophages.
- Ronald J. Vagnozzi
- , Marjorie Maillet
- & Jeffery D. Molkentin
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Article |
A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors
Single-cell RNA sequencing of cells from healthy human liver, hepatocellular carcinoma and chimaeric mouse liver identifies subtypes of liver cells, epithelial progenitors and differences between healthy and diseased cells.
- Nadim Aizarani
- , Antonio Saviano
- & Dominic Grün
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Article |
Single-cell analysis reveals T cell infiltration in old neurogenic niches
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of neurogenic niches in young and old mice reveals that T cells infiltrate the neurogenic niches of old mice and inhibit the proliferation of neural stem cells, in part through expression of interferon-γ.
- Ben W. Dulken
- , Matthew T. Buckley
- & Anne Brunet
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Letter |
Tracing the origin of adult intestinal stem cells
Lineage tracing, biophysical modelling and intestinal transplantation approaches are used to demonstrate that, in the mouse fetal intestinal epithelium, cells are highly plastic with respect to cellular identity and, independent of LGR5 expression and cell position, can contribute to the adult stem cell compartment.
- Jordi Guiu
- , Edouard Hannezo
- & Kim B. Jensen
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Letter |
Single-cell transcriptomes of the regenerating intestine reveal a revival stem cell
Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals the presence in the intestinal crypt of revival stem cells, which give rise to crypt-base columnar cells and are essential for repair of the intestinal epithelium following injury.
- Arshad Ayyaz
- , Sandeep Kumar
- & Alex Gregorieff
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Article |
Mechanoresponsive stem cells acquire neural crest fate in jaw regeneration
Reversion of adult skeletal stem cells to a developmental state underlies the growth of new bone during jaw regeneration, in a process that relies on mechanotransduction via the focal adhesion kinase protein.
- Ryan C. Ransom
- , Ava C. Carter
- & Michael T. Longaker
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Letter |
Allergic inflammatory memory in human respiratory epithelial progenitor cells
Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to characterize cell types in nasal tissues from human patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, revealing a role for tissue stem cells in allergic inflammatory memory.
- Jose Ordovas-Montanes
- , Daniel F. Dwyer
- & Alex K. Shalek
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Review Article |
Diverse mechanisms for endogenous regeneration and repair in mammalian organs
- James M. Wells
- & Fiona M. Watt
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Letter |
An evolutionarily conserved ribosome-rescue pathway maintains epidermal homeostasis
Loss of the ribosome-rescue factor Pelo in a subset of mouse epidermal stem cells results in hyperproliferation and altered differentiation of these cells.
- Kifayathullah Liakath-Ali
- , Eric W. Mills
- & Fiona M. Watt
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Letter |
Mechanical regulation of stem-cell differentiation by the stretch-activated Piezo channel
Stem cells of the Drosophila midgut sense mechanical signals in vivo through the stretch-activated ion channel Piezo, which is expressed on previously unidentified enteroendocrine precursor cells.
- Li He
- , Guangwei Si
- & Norbert Perrimon
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Article |
Inflammatory memory sensitizes skin epithelial stem cells to tissue damage
After acute inflammation, epithelial stem cells retain a memory that accelerates restoration of the skin barrier during subsequent tissue damage, and this enhancement is dependent on the AIM2 inflammasome and its downstream effectors.
- Shruti Naik
- , Samantha B. Larsen
- & Elaine Fuchs
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Letter |
Transitional basal cells at the squamous–columnar junction generate Barrett’s oesophagus
Barrett’s oesophagus—a metaplasia that can be induced by persistent acid reflux, and predisposes patients to oesophageal cancer—arises from a population of basal cells at the gastro-oesophageal junction.
- Ming Jiang
- , Haiyan Li
- & Jianwen Que
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Letter |
Feedback regulation of steady-state epithelial turnover and organ size
Steady-state turnover of the Drosophila midgut arises through an intercellular, E-cadherin–EGFR relay that couples the death of individual enterocytes to the divisions of nearby stem cells.
- Jackson Liang
- , Shruthi Balachandra
- & Lucy Erin O’Brien
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Letter |
Stromal R-spondin orchestrates gastric epithelial stem cells and gland homeostasis
Myofibroblast-derived R-spondin 3 orchestrates regeneration of antral stomach epithelium via Wnt signalling in Axin2+ stem cells.
- Michael Sigal
- , Catriona Y. Logan
- & Thomas F. Meyer
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Letter |
Correction of aberrant growth preserves tissue homeostasis
Intravital imaging reveals unanticipated plasticity of adult skin epithelium in mice when faced with mutational or non-mutational insults, and elucidates the dynamic cellular behaviours used for its return to a homeostatic state.
- Samara Brown
- , Cristiana M. Pineda
- & Valentina Greco
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Letter |
Cholangiocytes act as facultative liver stem cells during impaired hepatocyte regeneration
Two independent systems impairing hepatocyte proliferation during liver injury cause physiologically significant levels of functional hepatocyte regeneration from biliary cells.
- Alexander Raven
- , Wei-Yu Lu
- & Stuart J. Forbes
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Article |
Integration of temporal and spatial patterning generates neural diversity
Combinatorial inputs from temporal and spatial axes act together to promote medullary neural diversity in the optic lobes of Drosophila.
- Ted Erclik
- , Xin Li
- & Claude Desplan
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Letter |
The Hippo kinases LATS1 and 2 control human breast cell fate via crosstalk with ERα
Ablation of the large tumour suppressor kinases 1 and 2 promotes a luminal breast cell phenotype through stabilization of oestrogen receptor-α, thereby changing human breast cell fate.
- Adrian Britschgi
- , Stephan Duss
- & Mohamed Bentires-Alj
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Letter |
Intronic polyadenylation of PDGFRα in resident stem cells attenuates muscle fibrosis
Changes in intronic polyadenylation of the Pdgfra in fibro/adipogenic progenitors lead to increased expression of a shorter variant with a truncated kinase domain, which modulates pro-fibrotic pathways to reduce tissue fibrosis in muscle.
- Alisa A. Mueller
- , Cindy T. van Velthoven
- & Thomas A. Rando
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Letter |
The lipolysis pathway sustains normal and transformed stem cells in adult Drosophila
Attenuating the lipolysis pathway in Drosophila melanogaster by modulation of the COP1–Arf1 signalling complex induced necrosis in stem cells and led to their engulfment by differentiated cells.
- Shree Ram Singh
- , Xiankun Zeng
- & Steven X. Hou
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Article |
Stem cell function and stress response are controlled by protein synthesis
The protein translation rate is low in tissue stem cells and tumour-initiating cells, and genetically preventing cytosine-5 methylation on transfer RNA in skin tumours is shown to favour the maintenance of a state of translational inhibition in mice, with tumour-initiating cells in this state becoming more sensitive to cytotoxic stress.
- Sandra Blanco
- , Roberto Bandiera
- & Michaela Frye
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Article |
High-fat diet enhances stemness and tumorigenicity of intestinal progenitors
A high-fat diet increases the number of intestinal stem cells in mammals, both in vivo and in intestinal organoids; a pathway that involves PPAR-δ confers organoid-initiating capacity to non-stem cells and induces them to form in vivo tumours after loss of the Apc tumour suppressor.
- Semir Beyaz
- , Miyeko D. Mana
- & Ömer H. Yilmaz
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Article |
Signal integration by Ca2+ regulates intestinal stem-cell activity
Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) respond to changes in diet, particularly L-glutamate levels, by modulating Ca2+ signalling to adapt their proliferation rate; furthermore, Ca2+ is shown to be central to the response of ISCs to a wide range of dietary and stress stimuli.
- Hansong Deng
- , Akos A. Gerencser
- & Heinrich Jasper
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Article |
Self-renewing diploid Axin2+ cells fuel homeostatic renewal of the liver
In the uninjured liver, a population of self-renewing, diploid hepatocytes is identified near the central vein; these cells respond to Wnt signals that are provided by the adjacent central vein endothelial cells, and can give rise to all other hepatocytes to maintain liver homeostasis.
- Bruce Wang
- , Ludan Zhao
- & Roel Nusse
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Letter |
Parent stem cells can serve as niches for their daughter cells
Little is known about how the relative proportions of stem cells and differentiated cells are regulated; basal stem/progenitor cells of the mouse airway epithelium self renew and differentiate into secretory and ciliated cells, and basal stem cells continuously send daughter cells a forward niche signal necessary for daughter cell fate maintenance.
- Ana Pardo-Saganta
- , Purushothama Rao Tata
- & Jayaraj Rajagopal
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Article |
Cloning and variation of ground state intestinal stem cells
Novel technology to rapidly clone patient-specific, ‘ground state’ stem cells of columnar epithelia reveals their proliferative potential, remarkably precise and origin-dependent lineage commitment as well as genomic stability, despite extensive culturing, thereby skirting limitations associated with pluripotent stem cells.
- Xia Wang
- , Yusuke Yamamoto
- & Wa Xian
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Letter |
Niche-induced cell death and epithelial phagocytosis regulate hair follicle stem cell pool
Mouse hair follicles in the skin cycle between growth and regression, while maintaining a pool of stem cells for continued regeneration; here, live imaging is used to show that a combination of niche-induced stem cell apoptosis and epithelial phagocytosis underlies regression, regulating the stem cell pool.
- Kailin R. Mesa
- , Panteleimon Rompolas
- & Valentina Greco
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Letter |
Lineage-negative progenitors mobilize to regenerate lung epithelium after major injury
Lineage-tracing experiments identify a rare, undifferentiated population of quiescent cells in the mouse distal lung that are activated through a Notch signalling pathway to repair the epithelium after bleomycin- or influenza-mediated injury; inappropriate Notch signalling may be a major contributor to failed regeneration within the lungs of patients with chronic lung disease.
- Andrew E. Vaughan
- , Alexis N. Brumwell
- & Harold A. Chapman
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Letter |
p63+Krt5+ distal airway stem cells are essential for lung regeneration
Many patients experiencing sudden loss of lung tissue somehow undergo full recovery; here this recovery is traced to a discrete population of lung stem cells that are not only essential for lung regeneration but can be cloned and then transplanted to other mice to contribute new lung tissue.
- Wei Zuo
- , Ting Zhang
- & Frank McKeon
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Letter |
WNT7A and PAX6 define corneal epithelium homeostasis and pathogenesis
p63 and PAX6 act to specify limbal stem or progenitor cells (LSCs), and WNT7A controls corneal epithelium differentiation through PAX6; loss of WNT7A or PAX6 induces LSCs into epithelium, and transduction of PAX6 in skin epithelial stem cells converts them to LSC-like cells and transplantation in a rabbit corneal injury model can replenish corneal epithelial cells and repair damaged corneal surface.
- Hong Ouyang
- , Yuanchao Xue
- & Kang Zhang
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Letter |
mTORC1 controls the adaptive transition of quiescent stem cells from G0 to GAlert
A mouse study reveals that the stem cell quiescent state is composed of two distinct phases, G0 and GAlert; stem cells reversibly transition between these two phases in response to systemic environmental stimuli acting through the mTORC1 pathway.
- Joseph T. Rodgers
- , Katherine Y. King
- & Thomas A. Rando
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Article |
Haematopoietic stem cells require a highly regulated protein synthesis rate
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have a lower rate of protein synthesis in vivo than most other haematopoietic cells, and both increases and decreases in the rate of protein synthesis impair HSC function, demonstrating that HSC maintenance—and hence, cellular homeostasis—requires the rate of protein synthesis to be highly regulated.
- Robert A. J. Signer
- , Jeffrey A. Magee
- & Sean J. Morrison
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Article |
Geriatric muscle stem cells switch reversible quiescence into senescence
This study shows that ageing satellite cells undergo an irreversible transition from a quiescent to a pre-senescent state that results in the loss of muscle regeneration in sarcopenia; furthermore, increased expression of p16INK4a is identified as a common feature of senescent satellite cells.
- Pedro Sousa-Victor
- , Susana Gutarra
- & Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
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Letter |
Distinct fibroblast lineages determine dermal architecture in skin development and repair
Fibroblasts constitute the major mesenchymal cell type in the connective tissue and their functions are remarkably diverse: here, by characterising lineages of mouse skin fibroblasts, it is shown that distinct subpopulations contribute to skin development and repair during injury.
- Ryan R. Driskell
- , Beate M. Lichtenberger
- & Fiona M. Watt
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Article |
Usp16 contributes to somatic stem-cell defects in Down’s syndrome
An analysis of somatic tissues derived from mouse models of Down’s syndrome shows reduced self-renewal capacities in various cell types, with these defects partially dependent on triplication of the Usp16 gene; overexpression and knockout studies in human cells shows that USP16 has a role in Down’s syndrome-related proliferation defects, making this gene an attractive option for further study.
- Maddalena Adorno
- , Shaheen Sikandar
- & Michael F. Clarke
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Letter |
Induction of intestinal stem cells by R-spondin 1 and Slit2 augments chemoradioprotection
Evidence of crosstalk between the Robo/Slit and Wnt signalling pathways is provided, and R-spondin signalling is shown to enhance canonical Wnt signalling and increase the proliferation of intestinal stem cells.
- Wei-Jie Zhou
- , Zhen H. Geng
- & Jian-Guo Geng
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Letter |
Chromosome-specific nonrandom sister chromatid segregation during stem-cell division
Using a CO-FISH method with single-chromosome resolution, sister chromatids of the sex chromosomes, but not autosomes, are shown to segregate nonrandomly during asymmetric cell divisions of Drosophila male germline stem cells; this suggests that it is unlikely that nonrandom sister chromatid segregation serves to protect the ‘immortal strand’ to avoid replication-induced mutations as proposed previously.
- Swathi Yadlapalli
- & Yukiko M. Yamashita