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Mutations sometimes only affect a subset of genetically identical individuals; here, variation in the expression of chaperones and gene duplicates is shown to predict mutation outcome in C. elegans.
In mice, cocaine is found to potentiate excitatory transmission in medium-sized spiny neurons expressing the type-1 dopamine receptor; depotentiation reversed cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization, raising the possibility of novel treatments for addiction.
The crystal structure of the calcium-bound gating ring of a calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel shows in detail how the effect of calcium binding on the gating ring produces the conformational change from closed to open.
Many TRP ion channels respond to more than one category of cue, and how they discriminate between them is largely unknown; the mechanism by which TRPA1 discriminates between sensory stimuli in Drosophila is now determined.
Observation of a many-body pairing gap in a trapped, 2D atomic Fermi gas shows that ultracold atomic gases can be used to emulate the physics of correlated 2D superconductors, with the ultimate goal of understanding high-temperature superconductivity.
Earth's mantle is likely to have reached its present-day oxidation state before 4 billion years ago, according to a determination of the oxidation state of Hadean magmatic melts.
An atomic analogue to homodyne detection for the measurement of matter-wave quadratures is realized, which is needed to extend quantum applications to massive particles.
A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in more than 66,000 individuals identifies 68 new genomic loci that reliably associate with platelet count and volume, and reveals new gene functions.
Genome-wide analysis shows that H2B S112 O-linked to N-acetylglucosamine is frequently located near transcribed genes, suggesting that histone GlcNAcylation facilitates transcription of the genes.
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells are activated by recognition of peripheral self antigen, persist in the target tissue on cessation of antigen exposure, and respond to re-exposure to self antigen with enhanced functional activity.
Crystallographic studies show that high-molecular-mass drugs bind to the bacterial multidrug transporter AcrB at a previously unseen ‘proximal’ binding pocket before peristaltic transfer to the known ‘distal’ pocket, whereas low-molecular-mass drugs bind directly to the distal pocket.