This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals
Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription
$29.99 / 30 days
cancel any time
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Change history
12 October 2018
In this Brief Communications Arising Comment, the first three authors (Osuna, Lim and Kublin) should have been listed as equally contributing authors; this has been corrected online.
References
Descours, B. et al. CD32a is a marker of a CD4 T-cell HIV reservoir harbouring replication-competent proviruses. Nature 543, 564–567 (2017).
Chun, T. W. et al. Quantification of latent tissue reservoirs and total body viral load in HIV-1 infection. Nature 387, 183–188 (1997).
Finzi, D. et al. Identification of a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Science 278, 1295–1300 (1997).
Veri, M. C. et al. Monoclonal antibodies capable of discriminating the human inhibitory Fcγ-receptor IIB (CD32B) from the activating Fcγ-receptor IIA (CD32A): biochemical, biological and functional characterization. Immunology 121, 392–404 (2007).
Boruchov, A. M. et al. Activating and inhibitory IgG Fc receptors on human DCs mediate opposing functions. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 2914–2923 (2005).
Engelhardt, W., Matzke, J. & Schmidt, R. E. Activation-dependent expression of low affinity IgG receptors FcγRII(CD32) and FcγRIII(CD16) in subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. Immunobiology 192, 297–320 (1995).
Sandilands, G. P. et al. Differential expression of CD32 isoforms following alloactivation of human T cells. Immunology 91, 204–211 (1997).
Cohn, L. B. et al. Clonal CD4+ T cells in the HIV-1 latent reservoir display a distinct gene profile upon reactivation. Nat. Med. 24, 604–609 (2018).
Cone, R. E., Sprent, J. & Marchalonis, J. J. Antigen-binding specificity of isolated cell-surface immunoglobulin from thymus cells activated to histocompatibility antigens. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 69, 2556–2560 (1972).
Hwang, I. et al. T cells can use either T cell receptor or CD28 receptors to absorb and internalize cell surface molecules derived from antigen-presenting cells. J. Exp. Med. 191, 1137–1148 (2000).
Wetzel, S. A., McKeithan, T. W. & Parker, D. C. Peptide-specific intercellular transfer of MHC class II to CD4+ T cells directly from the immunological synapse upon cellular dissociation. J. Immunol. 174, 80–89 (2005).
Rosenits, K., Keppler, S. J., Vucikuja, S. & Aichele, P. T cells acquire cell surface determinants of APC via in vivo trogocytosis during viral infections. Eur. J. Immunol. 40, 3450–3457 (2010).
Daubeuf, S. et al. Preferential transfer of certain plasma membrane proteins onto T and B cells by trogocytosis. PLoS One 5, e8716 (2010).
Garside, P. et al. Visualization of specific B and T lymphocyte interactions in the lymph node. Science 281, 96–99 (1998).
Okada, T. et al. Antigen-engaged B cells undergo chemotaxis toward the T zone and form motile conjugates with helper T cells. PLoS Biol. 3, e150 (2005).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
D.F.N. and J.B.W. designed the studies. R.B.J., R.A., E.C., Y.R., N.D.B., C.E.O., R.T. and S.Y.L. led the virology assays. S.H.H., D.C., J.L.K., M.A. and C.E.O. led the immunology assays. J.B.W. led the studies and wrote the paper with all co-authors.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
Declared none.
Extended data figures and tables
Extended Data Fig. 1 Frequency and activation status of CD32-expressing CD4+ T cells and their HIV-1 DNA content.
a, The frequency of CD32high CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry in PBMCs from ART-suppressed, HIV-1+ (n = 20) and HIV-1− (n = 8) donors. Bars denote median values. P values were determined by a Mann–Whitney test. b, DNA copies per cell in sorted subsets of total CD4+, CD4+CD32neg, CD4+CD32int and CD4+CD32high T cells are shown with median values and the IQR. The results are shown as either the actual HIV-1 DNA copies per million cells (filled symbols) or as estimated values calculated using the LOD and applied to the number of cells when the DNA input did not reach the threshold (open symbols). P values were determined by a Kruskal–Wallis test. c, The percentage of CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR expression was measured by flow cytometry on CD32neg and CD32high (FUN-2) CD4+ T cells from PBMCs from HIV-1+ participants (n = 20). Error bars show the median and IQR. P values were determined by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank tests.
Extended Data Fig. 2 Detection of B cell proteins and mRNA in CD32-expressing CD4+ T cells.
a, CD32neg and CD32high (FUN-2) CD4+ T cells from human PBMCs were assessed by flow cytometry for the expression of CD19, CD40 and HLA-DR, and compared to B cells (CD3− CD14−CD19+ lymphocytes). Representative flow cytometry results of per cell antigen levels on B cells (top, blue histograms) and CD32neg and CD32high CD4+ T cells (bottom, grey and red histograms, respectively) from an HIV-1− donor. b, Representative CD32b staining of PBMCs from an HIV-1+, ART-suppressed participant. PBMCs were stained with an optimized concentration of the 2B6 monoclonal anti-CD32b antibody, followed by an antibody cocktail that included the FUN-2 monoclonal pan-CD32 antibody, as described in the Methods. Shown are the 2B6 and FUN-2 fluorescence minus one (FMO) antibody cocktail-stained samples and a sample co-stained with 2B6 and FUN-2. c, d, CD32 mRNA expression levels in CD4+CD32+ subsets. c, The relative expression of CD32A and CD32B mRNA isoforms in sorted CD4+CD32int and CD4+CD32high subsets from HIV-1+, ART-suppressed participants (n = 4). d, mRNA expression of CD32A and CD32B from patient G07W1610. e, T and B cell lineage-specific mRNA transcripts in sorted CD4+CD32+ subsets from participant G07W1610. Relative mRNA expression of target genes was normalized to ATCB using the comparative Ct method. Results are mean ± s.d. of each value from each participant (n = 4; c), or from values generated from two separate experiments using samples from the same patient (d).
Extended Data Fig. 3 Doublet composition of the sorted CD4+CD32high T cells.
Sorted B cells and CD4+CD32neg, CD4+CD32int and CD4+CD32high T cells from an HIV-1+, ART-suppressed participant were analysed using an Amnis imaging cytometer. Singlets and doublets were quantified using the aspect ratio and nuclear staining. a, The proportion of total singlet and doublet events among total nucleated cells detected on the Amnis cytometer in each sorted population was determined, and is shown as individual composite bar graphs for two patients (G07W1610 and OM5365). b, A composite bar graph of the proportion of conjugates, doublets and trogocytotic events that comprised the sorted CD4+CD32high population (n = 2).
Supplementary information
Supplementary Information
This file contains Supplementary Figure 1, Supplementary Methods and Supplementary References.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Osuna, C.E., Lim, SY., Kublin, J.L. et al. Evidence that CD32a does not mark the HIV-1 latent reservoir. Nature 561, E20–E28 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0495-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0495-2
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Targeted shock-and-kill HIV-1 gene therapy approach combining CRISPR activation, suicide gene tBid and retargeted adenovirus delivery
Gene Therapy (2023)
-
The landscape of alternative splicing in HIV-1 infected CD4 T-cells
BMC Medical Genomics (2020)
-
Transcriptional signature of resting-memory CD4 T cells differentiates spontaneous from treatment-induced HIV control
Journal of Molecular Medicine (2020)
-
Responses to Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine Reveal Distinct Circulating CD4+CXCR5+ T Cell Subsets in Men Living with HIV
Scientific Reports (2019)
-
CD32 expressing doublets in HIV-infected gut-associated lymphoid tissue are associated with a T follicular helper cell phenotype
Mucosal Immunology (2019)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.