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Neuronal development is the biological process by which neurons are produced during development. The processes that contribute to neuronal development include proliferation, differentiation, migration, axon guidance and synapse formation.
Genetic sex introduces variation in phenotypic traits in sexually reproducing organisms. Here, the authors report a developmental gene expression atlas for C. elegans males and hermaphrodites, highlighting the key role of the insulin-like peptide INS-39 in male development and suggesting genetic underpinnings of sexual dimorphism.
The subcommissural organ (SCO) is a gland in the brain, and relatively little is known about its function. Zhang et al. genetically ablated SCO cells and observed severe hydrocephalus and neuronal defects. The reintroduction of SCO-derived peptides into SCO-ablated brain substantially rescued developmental defects.
A dominate modifier screen in Drosophila identifies transcriptional regulators that control expression of DIP-α, a cell surface protein, and synaptic target recognition in the neuromuscular system.
Mitochondria emerged as essential actors of neural circuits development. Here, the authors uncovered that the AMPK-related kinase NUAK1 controls axonal mitochondrial metabolism through the regulation of the mitochondrial microprotein BRAWNIN.
The centrosome is crucial for the microtubule dynamics that underlie the radial migration of developing rodent neurons but is not required for axon growth.
Study demonstrates that the ion channel KCNN2 has an important role in motor skill learning deficiencies resulting from fetal alcohol exposure in mice.
Extopic expression of the XIST RNA at one chromosome 21 in iPSCs derived from individuals with Down syndrome leads to transcriptional silencing of chromosome 21 and improves iPSC differentiation into neurons.