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Diabetes describes a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar levels. Diabetes can be caused by the pancreas not producing insulin (type 1 diabetes) or by insulin resistance (cells do not respond to insulin; type 2 diabetes).
Organelles called mitochondria are transferred to blood-vessel-forming cells by support cells. Unexpectedly, these mitochondria are degraded, kick-starting the production of new ones and boosting vessel formation.
IL-22RA1 is highly expressed on pancreatic islets and absent on immune cells. Here, the authors investigate its role by generating animals that lack IL-22RA1 on beta cells and reveal IL22RA1 signalling is critical for insulin biosynthesis and beta-cell health, evidenced by its regulation of MHC II expression and its suppressive effect on inflammation and cellular stress.
A large-scale analysis of genome-wide association studies links type 2 diabetes with gastrointestinal disorders, implicating causal associations, shared genes and biological pathways.
Activation of the bile acid receptor TGR5 inhibits CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake in cardiomyocytes and protects against cardiac lipotoxicity and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice, according to a new study.
Organelles called mitochondria are transferred to blood-vessel-forming cells by support cells. Unexpectedly, these mitochondria are degraded, kick-starting the production of new ones and boosting vessel formation.
In a multicenter clinical trial, patients with early-stage Parkinson’s disease treated with lixisenatide, a drug currently used for the treatment of diabetes, showed improvement in their motor scores compared with those on placebo.