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A prospective observational study including 2,882 kidney allograft recipients from 14 transplantation centers in Europe and the US show that cell-free DNA can be used to detect kidney allograft rejection.
Secondary and selected exploratory endpoints of the DESTINY-Breast03 trial of trastuzumab deruxtecan or trastuzumab emtansine in patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer are reported, including updated efficacy and safety data after a median follow-up of 41 months.
In an exploratory analysis of the Keynote-361 phase 3 trial that tested immunotherapy and chemotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma, different early ctDNA dynamics were observed between the two treatments, and ctDNA levels were associated with response to pembrolizumab, but not to chemotherapy. Anna Maria Ranzoni, in collaboration with the Nature Medicine team.
In a phase 3 randomized controlled trial comparing secondary cytoreduction plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, the coprimary endpoint of overall survival was not statistically different, but in a prespecified sensitivity analysis adjusted for patients who underwent crossover surgery following tumor relapse, there was an increase in overall survival.
In this phase 1 trial, treatment of patients with ER+HER2− metastatic breast cancer with a selective catalytic inhibitor of the lysine acetyltransferase KAT6 shows a manageable safety profile and encouraging preliminary clinical efficacy.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial, the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor small-molecule inhibitor fruquintinib plus chemotherapy significantly extended progression-free survival, but not overall survival, as second-line therapy in patients with advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancers.
Multimodal approaches combining various numbers of behavioral, neuroimaging and electrophysiological markers improves neuroprognosis performance in clinically unresponsive critical-care patients.
Analyses from the US Department of Veterans Affairs databases reported residual elevated risk and health burden of long COVID at 3 years in hospitalized individuals after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
T1 mapping noninvasively assesses fibrosis in multiple organs and enables risk stratification of mortality and provides insights into shared and organ-specific pathways underlying fibrosis.
In a randomized clinical trial, treatment using a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes who were receiving maintenance kidney dialysis reduced levels of inflammatory biomarkers at 12 weeks, including C-reactive protein, paving the way for a phase 3 trial.
In a pre-specified secondary analysis of the SELECT trial, once-weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg in patients with obesity was associated with a 22% reduction in the main 5-component kidney composite endpoint compared to patients on placebo.
A multimodal deep learning prognostic model based on histopathology outperforms current gold standards for identifying patients with endometrial cancer with different outcomes, in multiple external validation cohorts.
By leveraging paired microbiome and human gene expression data from pediatric patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation, distinct lung–immune system–microorganism interactions were identified as important drivers of fatal lung injury.
Sustained safety outcomes were seen at 2-year follow-up after induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cell infusion in 15 individuals with steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease.
In the COMPASSION-04 trial, first-line treatment with a bispecific antibody targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 and chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma resulted in clinical responses with a manageable safety profile.
Multiomics and spatial mapping of tumor samples derived from a real-world cohort of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma, as well as integration of transcriptomics and human leukocyte antigen genotyping data, provides a machine learning-derived signature of response to immune checkpoint blockade.
Multiomic factor analysis of blood multiomic data, including single-cell transcriptomics, for individuals with either acute or chronic coronary syndrome identifies immune cell signatures that correlate with treatment outcomes.
Externally applied electrical stimulation over the cervical spinal cord improves arm and hand functions in people with chronic tetraplegia due to spinal cord injury.
A neural epigenetic signature detectable via plasma analyses is prognostic in patients with glioblastoma, resembling an oligodendrocyte-progenitor- and neuronal-progenitor-cell-like state and showing increased neuro-to-glioma synapse formation.