An illustration of how epigenetic mechanisms can affect health.
Epigenetic mechanisms are affected by several factors and processes including development in utero and in childhood, environmental chemicals, drugs and pharmaceuticals, aging, and diet. DNA methylation is what occurs when methyl groups, an epigenetic factor found in some dietary sources, can tag DNA and activate or repress genes. Histone modification occurs when the binding of epigenetic factors to histone "tails" alters the extent to which DNA is wrapped around histones and the availability of genes in the DNA to be activated. All of these factors and processes may result in cancer, autoimmune disease, mental disorders, or diabetes, among other illnesses.
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Identical twins often develop different characteristics, even though they carry the same sequence of DNA nucleotides. How can this be? The answer lies in epigenomics.
