Visual system articles within Nature

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    Single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of retina from 17 vertebrate species shows high conservation of retinal cell types and suggests that midget retinal ganglion cells in primates evolved from orthologous cells in ancestral mammals.

    • Joshua Hahn
    • , Aboozar Monavarfeshani
    •  & Karthik Shekhar

  • Article |

    Offline cortical reactivations predict the gradual drift and separation in sensory cortical response patterns and may enhance sensory discrimination.

    • Nghia D. Nguyen
    • , Andrew Lutas
    •  & Mark L. Andermann

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Transcriptomic data and functional experiments on macaque retina are used to identify the ON-type direction-selective ganglion cells responsible for detecting moving images and initiating gaze-stabilization mechanisms.

    • Anna Y. M. Wang
    • , Manoj M. Kulkarni
    •  & Teresa Puthussery

  • Article
    | Open Access

    One picosecond after photoactivation, isomerized retinal pulls away from half of its numerous interactions with its binding pocket, and the excess of the photon energy is released through an anisotropic protein breathing motion in the direction of the extracellular space.

    • Thomas Gruhl
    • , Tobias Weinert
    •  & Valerie Panneels

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A tectothalamic pathway for social affiliation in developing zebrafish dissociates neuronal control of attraction from repulsion during affiliation, revealing a circuit underpinning of collective behaviour

    • Johannes M. Kappel
    • , Dominique Förster
    •  & Johannes Larsch

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Two-photon imaging and in situ transcriptomic analysis of the primary visual cortex in mice show that a single transcriptomic axis correlates with the state modulation of cortical inhibitory neurons.

    • Stéphane Bugeon
    • , Joshua Duffield
    •  & Kenneth D. Harris

  • Article |

    The mouse neocortex supports sensory performance through transient increases in sensory coding redundancy, neural codes that are robust to cellular variability, and inter-area fluctuation modes that transmit sensory data and task responses in non-interfering channels.

    • Sadegh Ebrahimi
    • , Jérôme Lecoq
    •  & Mark J. Schnitzer

  • Article |

    Experiments measuring light-evoked responses in postmortem mouse and human retinas are used to quantify decay of photoreceptors following death and optimise conditions for reviving trans-synaptic transmission.

    • Fatima Abbas
    • , Silke Becker
    •  & Frans Vinberg

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Release from shunting inhibition and coincident excitation implement a multiplication-like synaptic interaction in motion-sensing neurons of Drosophila melanogaster.

    • Lukas N. Groschner
    • , Jonatan G. Malis
    •  & Alexander Borst

  • Article |

    A large, open dataset containing parallel recordings from six visual cortical and two thalamic areas of the mouse brain is presented, from which the relative timing of activity in response to visual stimuli and behaviour is used to construct a hierarchy scheme that corresponds to anatomical connectivity data.

    • Joshua H. Siegle
    • , Xiaoxuan Jia
    •  & Christof Koch

  • Article |

    Live neuron imaging and electron microscopy reconstruction shows that the selectivity of cortical neuron responses to visual stimuli arises from the total number of synapses activated rather than being dominated by a small number of strong synaptic inputs.

    • Benjamin Scholl
    • , Connon I. Thomas
    •  & David Fitzpatrick

  • Article |

    Expression of three Yamanaka transcription factors in mouse retinal ganglion cells restores youthful DNA methylation patterns, promotes axon regeneration after injury, and reverses vision loss in a mouse model of glaucoma and in aged mice, suggesting that mammalian tissues retain a record of youthful epigenetic information that can be accessed to improve tissue function.

    • Yuancheng Lu
    • , Benedikt Brommer
    •  & David A. Sinclair

  • Article |

    Primate inferotemporal cortex contains a coarse map of object space consisting of four networks, identified using functional imaging, electrophysiology and deep networks.

    • Pinglei Bao
    • , Liang She
    •  & Doris Y. Tsao

  • Article |

    Feedback projections onto neurons of the mouse primary visual cortex generate a second excitatory receptive field that is driven by stimuli outside of the classical feedforward receptive field, with responses mediated by higher visual areas.

    • Andreas J. Keller
    • , Morgane M. Roth
    •  & Massimo Scanziani

  • Article |

    A microscopy system that enables simultaneous recording from hundreds of neurons in the mouse visual cortex reveals that the brain enhances its coding capacity by representing visual inputs in dimensions perpendicular to correlated noise.

    • Oleg I. Rumyantsev
    • , Jérôme A. Lecoq
    •  & Mark J. Schnitzer

  • Article |

    Single-cell transcriptomics of more than 20,000 cells from two functionally distinct areas of the mouse neocortex identifies 133 transcriptomic types, and provides a foundation for understanding the diversity of cortical cell types.

    • Bosiljka Tasic
    • , Zizhen Yao
    •  & Hongkui Zeng

  • Article |

    Tracing of projection neuron axons from the primary visual cortex to their targets shows that these neurons often project to multiple cortical areas of the mouse brain.

    • Yunyun Han
    • , Justus M. Kebschull
    •  & Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel

  • Letter |

    Mapping the organization of excitatory inputs onto the dendritic spines of individual mouse visual cortex neurons reveals how inputs representing features from the extended visual scene are organized and establishes a computational unit suited to amplify contours and elongated edges.

    • M. Florencia Iacaruso
    • , Ioana T. Gasler
    •  & Sonja B. Hofer

  • Article |

    Global mapping shows that mouse retinal neurons prefer visual motion produced when the animal moves along two behaviourally relevant axes, allowing the encoding of the animal’s every translation and rotation.

    • Shai Sabbah
    • , John A. Gemmer
    •  & David M. Berson

  • Article |

    The functional diversity of bipolar cells, which split visual inputs into different excitatory channels within the retina, arises from centre–surround interactions in their receptive fields that tune both spatial and temporal signalling.

    • Katrin Franke
    • , Philipp Berens
    •  & Tom Baden

  • Article |

    Directional selectivity in the detection of moving visual stimuli critically depends on starburst amacrine cells, which have been studied primarily in rabbit retina; a large-scale reconstruction of the mouse retina at a single-synapse level, along with experimental and theoretical analysis, shows that mouse retinal circuitry is adapted to the smaller eye size of mice.

    • Huayu Ding
    • , Robert G. Smith
    •  & Kevin L. Briggman

  • Article |

    Recordings from cat visual cortex show that the cortical maps for stimulus orientation, direction and retinal disparity depend on an organization in which thalamic axons with similar retinotopy and light/dark responses are clustered together in the cortex.

    • Jens Kremkow
    • , Jianzhong Jin
    •  & Jose M. Alonso

  • Letter |

    Colour vision is thought to rely on the comparison of signals from cone cells in the retina, this paper identifies a class of mouse retinal ganglion cells (J-RGC) that integrates an OFF signal from ultraviolet-sensitive cones with an ON signal from green-sensitive rods, producing a colour-opponent channel that may enable animals to detect urine territory marks; the underlying circuit may also explain why humans experience a blue shift in night-time vision.

    • Maximilian Joesch
    •  & Markus Meister

  • Letter |

    Two-photon calcium imaging and electron microscopy were used to explore the relationship between structure and function in mouse primary visual cortex, showing that layer 2/3 neurons are connected in subnetworks, that pyramidal neurons with similar orientation selectivity preferentially form synapses with each other, and that neurons with similar orientation tuning form larger synapses; this study exemplifies functional connectomics as a powerful method for studying the organizational logic of cortical networks.

    • Wei-Chung Allen Lee
    • , Vincent Bonin
    •  & R. Clay Reid

  • Letter |

    Igf1 is identified in mice as an experience-induced gene that functions cell-autonomously to increase inhibitory input onto a disinhibitory subtype of GABAergic neurons in the cortex, affecting the downstream excitation–inhibition balance within circuits that regulate visual acuity, and providing a novel example of experience modulating neural plasticity.

    • A. R. Mardinly
    • , I. Spiegel
    •  & M. E. Greenberg

  • Article |

    Two-photon calcium imaging reveals that the mouse retina contains more than 30 functionally distinct retinal ganglion cells, including some that have not been described before, exceeding current estimates and suggesting that the functional diversity of retinal ganglion cells may be much larger than previously thought.

    • Tom Baden
    • , Philipp Berens
    •  & Thomas Euler

  • Letter |

    The authors trained mice to attend to or suppress vision based on behavioral context and show, through novel and established techniques, that changes in visual gain rely on tunable feedforward inhibition of visual thalamus via innervating thalamic reticular neurons; these findings introduce a subcortical model of attention in which modality-specific thalamic reticular subnetworks mediate top-down and context-dependent control of sensory selection.

    • Ralf D. Wimmer
    • , L. Ian Schmitt
    •  & Michael M. Halassa

  • Letter |

    The mouse retinal ganglion cell type known as the W3B-RGC, which detects motion of objects against a moving background, is shown to receive strong specific and excitatory input from amacrine cells expressing vesicular glutamine transporter 3; this selective connection is mediated by homophilic interactions of the recognition molecule sidekick 2 (Sdk2), which is expressed on both cells, and disruption of this connection affects object motion detection in W3B-RGCs.

    • Arjun Krishnaswamy
    • , Masahito Yamagata
    •  & Joshua R. Sanes

  • Letter |

    Exploring the relationship between population coupling and neuronal activity reveals that neighbouring neurons can differ in their coupling to the overall firing rate of the population, the circuitry of which may potentially help to explain the complex activity patterns in cortical populations.

    • Michael Okun
    • , Nicholas A. Steinmetz
    •  & Kenneth D. Harris

  • Letter |

    In complex networks of the cerebral cortex, the majority of connections are weak and only a minority strong, but it is not known why; here the authors show that excitatory neurons in primary visual cortex follow a rule by which strong connections are sparse and occur between neurons with correlated responses to visual stimuli, whereas only weak connections link neurons with uncorrelated responses.

    • Lee Cossell
    • , Maria Florencia Iacaruso
    •  & Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel

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