Transplant immunology articles from across Nature Portfolio

Viral infection is a common risk for immune-compromised individuals, particularly pediatric patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants. Here the authors report a phase II trial testing adoptive transfer of third party, virus-specific T cells on the feasibility, safety, clinical responses, as well as homeostasis of antiviral immunity in the recipients.

Graft-versus-Host disease is a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and is ameliorated by adoptively transferred donor regulatory T cells. Here, the authors apply transcriptomic and TCR profiling to assess regulatory T cell organ-specific adaptation in murine bone marrow transplantation models.

In graft rejection, Th17 promotes tertiary lymphoid tissue, neutrophilic infiltration and DSAs. The RORγt inverse agonist TF-S14 inhibits Th17 cytokines, antibody class switching and prolongs allograft survival in sensitized mice.

Xenotransplantation in humans using pig organs could improve the transplant organ supply. Here the authors transplant pig kidneys into a brain-dead recipient and monitor the human immune cell response early after transplantation using spatial and single cell transcriptomics and show early myeloid cell infiltration.

Grafts from genetically engineered humanized pigs show long-term survival in non-human primates.

Genetic engineering to block immune destruction of transplanted cells succeeds in macaques.

We transplanted gene-edited porcine hearts into two brain-dead human recipients, then evaluated their cardiac function and immune response over the following 66 hours. Both hearts showed sustained cardiac function over the course of the study, without evidence of hyperacute rejection or zoonotic transmission.