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Strain-insensitive viscoelastic perovskite film for intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic vision-adaptive transistors
Wearable neuromorphic optoelectronics require stretchable photosensitive materials and multifunctional integration. Here, authors develop intrinsically stretchable neuromorphic vision-adaptive transistors for skin-like neuromorphic vision systems.
- Chengyu Wang
- , Yangshuang Bian
- & Yunlong Guo
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Article
| Open Access
Essential role of lattice oxygen in hydrogen sensing reaction
Understanding the sensing mechanism of metal oxide semiconductors is imperative for developing high-performance sensors. Here, the participation of lattice oxygen, caused by additional Ge, boosts the hydrogen sensing ability of SnO2.
- Jiayu Li
- , Wenzhe Si
- & Guo-Dong Li
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| Open Access
Flexible large-area ultrasound arrays for medical applications made using embossed polymer structures
Current ultrasound transducers are bulky and rigid. Here, the authors describe a new way to realize large-area and mechanically flexible ultrasound arrays on polymer foils suited for wearable ultrasound applications
- Paul L. M. J. van Neer
- , Laurens C. J. M. Peters
- & Gerwin H. Gelinck
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Quantifying the interfacial triboelectricity in inorganic-organic composite mechanoluminescent materials
Mechanoluminescence enables sensing applications of mechanical stimuli. Here, the authors reveal the importance of interfacial triboelectricity to this phenomenon in inorganic-organic composite materials.
- Xin Pan
- , Yixi Zhuang
- & Rong-Jun Xie
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A detachable interface for stable low-voltage stretchable transistor arrays and high-resolution X-ray imaging
Pixel size, power consumption, and stability of stretchable optoelectronic devices limit their application in digital imaging. Bian et al. developed a universal detachable interface technique for damage-free micropattern, reproducible transfer and ideal heterocontact of intrinsically stretchable electrodes.
- Yangshuang Bian
- , Mingliang Zhu
- & Yunlong Guo
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Contribution of irreversible non-180° domain to performance for multiphase coexisted potassium sodium niobate ceramics
Seeking eco-friendly materials with equivalent performance to lead-based piezoelectric materials remains an urgent demand. Here, the authors design potassium–sodium niobate-based lead-free piezoelectric materials with large potential.
- Bo Wu
- , Lin Zhao
- & Ke Wang
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Universal growth of perovskite thin monocrystals from high solute flux for sensitive self-driven X-ray detection
Liu et al. report a universal solution growth method for perovskite thin monocrystals by improving the mass transfer in the high solute flux system. The approach is applied to 29 types of perovskites with growth velocity up to 27.2 µm min-1 and enables efficient self-driven X-ray detectors.
- Da Liu
- , Yichu Zheng
- & Yu Hou
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Long-term monitoring of ultratrace nucleic acids using tetrahedral nanostructure-based NgAgo on wearable microneedles
Monitoring of biomarkers with wearable devices holds potential for personal health management. Here the authors demonstrate a wearable device based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures and prokaryotic argonaute to monitor real-time sepsis-associated nucleic acid
- Bin Yang
- , Haonan Wang
- & Xueen Fang
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Reconfigurable perovskite X-ray detector for intelligent imaging
In-sensor computing requires detectors with polarity reconfigurability and linear responsivity. Pang et al. report a CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystal X-ray detector for edge extraction imaging with a data compression ratio of 46.4% and classification task with an accuracy of 100%.
- Jincong Pang
- , Haodi Wu
- & Guangda Niu
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Computational design of ultra-robust strain sensors for soft robot perception and autonomy
Due to the deformable nature of soft robots, developing robust sensors that can sustain stability and performance is a challenge. Here, the authors report a computational strain sensor design based on a programmed crack array for predictable, tunable, and stable sensing performance.
- Haitao Yang
- , Shuo Ding
- & Ghim Wei Ho
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Dynamic X-ray imaging with screen-printed perovskite CMOS array
Biomedical X-ray imaging requires high spatial and temporal resolution of the detectors. Liu et al. report a screen-printed perovskite direct-conversion X-ray CMOS imager with a spatial resolution of 5 lp mm−1 and a speed of 300 fps for low-dose 2D radiography and 3D computed tomography imaging.
- Yanliang Liu
- , Chaosong Gao
- & Yongshuai Ge
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Heavy-to-light electron transition enabling real-time spectra detection of charged particles by a biocompatible semiconductor
New detector materials are crucial for radiation beam monitoring in dosimeters and X-ray imaging. The authors report a solution-grown biocompatible organic single crystalline semiconductor for real-time spectral detection of charged particles with single-particle sensitivity, X-ray detection and imaging.
- Dou Zhao
- , Ruiling Gao
- & Yadong Xu
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Self-encapsulated ionic fibers based on stress-induced adaptive phase transition for non-contact depth-of-field camouflage sensing
Fabrication methods for ionic conductive hydrogel fibers are challenged by complexity and poor stability. Using a stress-induced adaptive phase transition strategy, Liu et al. fabricate self-encapsulated hydrogel fibers for depth-of-field sensing applications in a sustainable, two-step process.
- Ying Liu
- , Chan Wang
- & Zhou Li
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Interindividual- and blood-correlated sweat phenylalanine multimodal analytical biochips for tracking exercise metabolism
The in-depth study on the sweat–blood partitioning mechanisms of amino acids is promising for noninvasive metabolic monitoring. Here, the authors develop a wearable biochip for sweat phenylalanine multimodal analysis aimed at tracking exercise metabolic risk and exploring the sweat–blood correlation.
- Bowen Zhong
- , Xiaokun Qin
- & Lili Wang
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Differential perovskite hemispherical photodetector for intelligent imaging and location tracking
Differential spectrometers recognise different wavelength via their differential photodetector responsivity. The authors combine an 8-pixel hemispherical perovskite photodetector with neural network algorithms to realise 3D trajectory tracking and 2D location tacking with colour classification.
- Xiaopeng Feng
- , Chenglong Li
- & Haotong Wei
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Encoding of multi-modal emotional information via personalized skin-integrated wireless facial interface
Technologies in human emotion recognition are challenged by their capability to accurately extract and exploit the emotional information. Lee et al. report a personalized skin-integrated facial interface to sense and combine facial and vocal expression data, enabling enhanced communication in virtual reality.
- Jin Pyo Lee
- , Hanhyeok Jang
- & Jiyun Kim
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Flexible switch matrix addressable electrode arrays with organic electrochemical transistor and pn diode technology
Organic neural implants hold considerable promise for biocompatible neural interfaces. Here, the authors employ polymer-based organic electrochemical diodes and transistors to develop neuron-sized complex circuits, enabling multiplexing without crosstalk and demonstrate that, when integrated onto ultra-thin plastic, these circuits achieve high performance while maintaining minimal invasiveness.
- Ilke Uguz
- , David Ohayon
- & Kenneth L. Shepard
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Wide-range soft anisotropic thermistor with a direct wireless radio frequency interface
Thermistors typically read at DC or low frequencies have limited temperature-sensing ranges. Here, authors show how a radio frequency readout can overcome the decades-old range limitation of thermistors, while creating a wireless interface for a soft thermistor composite through antennas and RFID.
- Mahmoud Wagih
- , Junjie Shi
- & Steve Beeby
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Stretchable and negative-Poisson-ratio porous metamaterials
In this work, authors demonstrate highly stretchable conductive porous elastomers that can achieve up to 1200% strain with low or negative Poisson’s ratios by uniaxial, biaxial, and triaxial hot-pressing strategies.
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- , Qi Sun
- & Guoqing Zu
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| Open Access
A broad-spectrum gas sensor based on correlated two-dimensional electron gas
Gas sensors typically detect only few specific gases; the authors show a broad-spectrum sensor based on correlated 2-dimensional electron gas (C-2DEG), which detects various gases quantitatively and measures partial pressures, through a purely physical mechanism.
- Yuhao Hong
- , Long Wei
- & Zhaoliang Liao
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Measuring gas discharge in contact electrification
Contact electrification triggers gas breakdown. Using Coulomb force to estimate voltage, this work provides experimental evidence for the Paschen curves that govern such discharge.
- Hongcheng Tao
- & James Gibert
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| Open Access
Amphibious epidermal area networks for uninterrupted wireless data and power transfer
Body area networks represent a wearable technology suitable for applications like virtual reality and health monitoring. Here, the study presents a wireless battery-free channel that works reliably in harsh environments, including underwater. It utilizes stretchable magneto-inductive metamaterials to enable uninterrupted communication.
- Amirhossein Hajiaghajani
- , Patrick Rwei
- & Peter Tseng
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A robotic sensory system with high spatiotemporal resolution for texture recognition
Artificial sensory systems are typically limited by their performance and response to static and dynamic stimuli. Here, Bai et al. propose an iontronic slip-sensor, which responds to both static pressure and high-frequency vibrations up to 400 Hz, achieving high spatiotemporal resolution for texture recognition.
- Ningning Bai
- , Yiheng Xue
- & Chuan Fei Guo
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Fabrication of robust and cost-efficient Hoffmann-type MOF sensors for room temperature ammonia detection
Developing fast-responsive NH3 sensors at room temperature is challenging. Here the authors developed robust Hoffmann-type MOF based NH3 sensors with a low detection limit (25 ppb) and quick response (5 s). The sensors exhibit high NH3 selectivity, stability, and easy recovery.
- Sa Wang
- , Yu Fu
- & Zhenjie Zhang
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| Open Access
The ultra-thin, minimally invasive surface electrode array NeuroWeb for probing neural activity
Minimal invasiveness and robust signal detection are required in neural probes. Here, the authors develop NeuroWeb, an ultra-thin, minimally invasive surface electrode array. In vivo electrophysiological and optogenetic experiments show single-unit activity of neurons with high signal-to-noise ratio.
- Jung Min Lee
- , Young-Woo Pyo
- & Hong-Gyu Park
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Azobenzene-based optoelectronic transistors for neurohybrid building blocks
Designing efficient optoelectronic synaptic devices with advanced light responsive multimodal platforms remains a challenge. Here, the authors report on an organic optoelectronic neuromorphic platform that is based on conductive polymers and light-sensitive molecules that can be used to imitate the retina including visual pathways and typical memory processes of neurons.
- Federica Corrado
- , Ugo Bruno
- & Francesca Santoro
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Realistic prediction and engineering of high-Q modes to implement stable Fano resonances in acoustic devices
The authors demonstrate that laser Doppler vibrometer measurements are a powerful tool for predicting the maximum pressure enhancement of high-Q modes. The results presented enable future applications of acoustic BICs by filling the missing data gap on field enhancement.
- Felix Kronowetter
- , Marcus Maeder
- & Steffen Marburg
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| Open Access
Rheological engineering of perovskite suspension toward high-resolution X-ray flat-panel detector
The film uniformity is essential to the fixed pattern noise (FPN) and resolution of X-ray detectors. Here the authors demonstrate the rheological engineering of the perovskite suspension to achieve low FPN of 1.39% and high resolution of 0.51 lp/pix.
- Zihao Song
- , Xinyuan Du
- & Jiang Tang
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| Open Access
Stretchable piezoelectric biocrystal thin films
Developing piezoelectric biocrystals that are stretchable while maintaining structure and stable piezoelectricity is challenging. Here, Li et al. report an amino acid-based piezoelectric biocrystal with omnidirectional stretchability enabled by a truss-like network, for wearable and implantable devices.
- Jun Li
- , Corey Carlos
- & Xudong Wang
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Surfactant-free interfacial growth of graphdiyne hollow microspheres and the mechanistic origin of their SERS activity
The 2D carbon allotrope graphdiyne possesses a direct band gap, high charge carrier mobility, and uniformly distributed pores. Here, the authors report the surfactant-free growth of graphdiyne hollow microspheres and investigate the origin of their SERS activity.
- Lu Zhang
- , Wencai Yi
- & Lanqun Mao
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A single n-type semiconducting polymer-based photo-electrochemical transistor
Many phototransistors are multi-component systems with inorganic materials or involve faradaic processes that can be irreversible. Using a single photoactive polymer, Druet et al. report a reversible, water-compatible n-type photoelectrochemical transistor with potentiometric photodetection and current modulation.
- Victor Druet
- , David Ohayon
- & Sahika Inal
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Highly sensitive and broadband meta-mechanoreceptor via mechanical frequency-division multiplexing
There’s a trade-off between the sensitivity and bandwidth for mechanics guided sensor designs. Here, authors report a mechanical sensor comprised of piezoelectric resonators with near infinite effective piezoelectric coefficients, leading to highly sensitive and broadband micromotion sensing.
- Chong Li
- , Xinxin Liao
- & Qingbo He
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| Open Access
DNA nanopores as artificial membrane channels for bioprotonics
Synthetic membrane channels have many potential applications, but interfacing membrane channels with electronic devices for efficient information transfer is challenging. Here the authors integrate membrane spanning DNA nanopores with bioprotonic contacts to create programmable, modular, and efficient artificial ion-channel interfaces.
- Le Luo
- , Swathi Manda
- & Marco Rolandi
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Integration of microbattery with thin-film electronics for constructing an integrated transparent microsystem based on InGaZnO
In this work, authors demonstrate the full integration of miniaturized InGaZnO-based transparent energy device (lithium-ion battery), electronic device (thin-film transistor) and sensing device (photodetector) to form a monolithic integrated transparent microsystem with synergistic functions.
- Bin Jia
- , Chao Zhang
- & Xiaodong Huang
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| Open Access
Design of stretchable and self-powered sensing device for portable and remote trace biomarkers detection
Biomarker detection, including for H2S, is desirable but challenging to achieve. Here, the authors report the development of a device for H2S sensing across a range of applications.
- Wenxi Huang
- , Qiongling Ding
- & Jin Wu
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| Open Access
Extending the coherence of spin defects in hBN enables advanced qubit control and quantum sensing
Negatively-charged boron vacancy centers in hBN have short coherence times, hindering their potential as quantum sensors. By employing dynamical decoupling, the authors achieve an ensemble coherence time approaching the fundamental relaxation limit, enabling sensitive detection of MHz range electromagnetic fields.
- Roberto Rizzato
- , Martin Schalk
- & Dominik B. Bucher
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| Open Access
Non-destructive erosive wear monitoring of multi-layer coatings using AI-enabled differential split ring resonator based system
Real-time monitoring of coatings erosive wear is critical to mitigate safety and financial concerns in many applications. Here, authors show a non-destructive inspection system with AI-enabled microwave resonators and a smart monitoring circuitry to identify and estimate wear depth and rate of eroded layers.
- Vishal Balasubramanian
- , Omid Niksan
- & Mohammad H. Zarifi
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| Open Access
In situ synthesis and dynamic simulation of molecularly imprinted polymeric nanoparticles on a micro-reactor system
Molecularly imprinted polymers are useful elements in sensing and biomedical research but their fabrication is challenging. Here, the authors report a micro-reactor for in situ and continuous production of molecularly imprinted polymers.
- Özgecan Erdem
- , Ismail Eş
- & Fatih Inci
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Article
| Open Access
Symmetry-breaking dynamics in a tautomeric 3D covalent organic framework
Controlling the ketoenamine-enolimine tautomerism and correlating their structure to photoelectronic properties remains challenging in organic solids. Here, the authors show tautomerization in a crystalline dynamic 3D covalent organic framework (dynaCOF) through host-guest interactions leading to reversible framework deformation accompanied by chromic effects which can be used in chemosensing.
- Yangyang Xu
- , Tu Sun
- & Yue-Biao Zhang
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| Open Access
Active self-assembly of piezoelectric biomolecular films via synergistic nanoconfinement and in-situ poling
Piezoelectric biomaterials are limited by the challenges in domain orientation alignment and a weak piezoelectric effect. Here, Zhang et. al. present an active self-assembly strategy via nanoconfinement and in-situ poling, to obtain large-scale, high performance piezoelectric β-glycine nanocrystalline films.
- Zhuomin Zhang
- , Xuemu Li
- & Zhengbao Yang
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Article
| Open Access
Hierarchical conductive metal-organic framework films enabling efficient interfacial mass transfer
Heterogeneous reactions associated with porous films are vital in nature and industry. A hierarchical-structure-accelerated interfacial dynamic strategy is reported to improve interfacial gas transfer on conductive metal-organic framework films.
- Chuanhui Huang
- , Xinglong Shang
- & Renhao Dong
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Article
| Open Access
A chemiresistive-potentiometric multivariate sensor for discriminative gas detection
The application of multivariate gas sensors is limited due to their size and cost. Here the authors developed a compact gas sensor with multiple chemiresistive and potentiometric readouts enabling 3D discriminative response of gases at (sub)ppm levels and used the sensor for early fire detection.
- Hong Zhang
- , Zuobin Zhang
- & Jianxin Yi
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Article
| Open Access
Vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor arrays for color perception
Future intelligent vision systems need efficient capacitor-free spiking photoreceptor for color perception. Here, Wang et al. report a metal oxide-based vertically integrated spiking cone photoreceptor array which transduces light into spike trains with a power consumption of less than 400 picowatts.
- Xiangjing Wang
- , Chunsheng Chen
- & Qing Wan
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Article
| Open Access
Iontronic pressure sensor with high sensitivity over ultra-broad linear range enabled by laser-induced gradient micro-pyramids
Developing iontronic pressure sensors with high sensitivity in a wide linear range can be challenging due to a trade-off between sensitivity and linear range. Here, authors bypass this limitation by using laser-assisted gradient micro-pyramids and insights from multiphysics simulations.
- Ruoxi Yang
- , Ankan Dutta
- & Huanyu Cheng
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Article
| Open Access
Semiconducting MOFs on ultraviolet laser-induced graphene with a hierarchical pore architecture for NO2 monitoring
NO2 monitoring is important in urban areas where pollutant levels are typically higher. Here authors present a hybrid structure of laser-induced graphene and Cu3HHTP2, a 2D semiconducting MOF, for highly sensitive and rapid detection of NO2 at the parts-per-billion level.
- Hyeongtae Lim
- , Hyeokjin Kwon
- & Hyuk-Jun Kwon
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| Open Access
Triboelectric-induced ion mobility for artificial intelligence-enhanced mid-infrared gas spectroscopy
Isopropyl alcohol can play a significant role in anti-virus diagnosis but generally yields limited response in conventional detection. Here, authors propose a methodology of AI-enhanced ion mobility and mid-infrared spectroscopy for accurate gas identification despite presence different carbon-based gases.
- Jianxiong Zhu
- , Shanling Ji
- & Chengkuo Lee
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Article
| Open Access
3D Printing and processing of miniaturized transducers with near-pristine piezoelectric ceramics for localized cavitation
Despite advances in additive manufacturing of piezoceramics, resultant transducers generally suffer from high porosity, weak piezoelectric responses, and limited geometry. Here, authors report the design and printing of fully packaged freeform ultrasonic transducers capable of traveling inside mm-sized channels and deliver localized high ultrasound energy.
- Haotian Lu
- , Huachen Cui
- & Xiaoyu (Rayne) Zheng
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| Open Access
Bioinspired soft robots based on organic polymer-crystal hybrid materials with response to temperature and humidity
Response by mechanical deformation to give actuation is essential in the design of soft robots. Here, the authors demonstrate that combining organic molecular crystals with polymers makes it possible to create materials with susceptible properties to changes in temperature and humidity.
- Xuesong Yang
- , Linfeng Lan
- & Hongyu Zhang
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Article
| Open Access
Halide Perovskite glues activate two-dimensional covalent organic framework crystallites for selective NO2 sensing
2D COFs are promising for resistance-related applications, but usually form powders where poor contacts at grain boundaries inhibit the conductivity. Here authors show that halide perovskites can act as electric glues to bond 2D COFs to improve their conductivity, activating them to detect NO2 with high selectivity and sensitivity.
- Wen Ye
- , Liangdan Zhao
- & Jian-Mei Lu
Dynamic multicolor emissions of multimodal phosphors by Mn2+ trace doping in self-activated CaGa4O7