RNA vaccines articles within Nature Communications

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• Article
  09 April 2024 | Open Access

  SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunity after bivalent BA.4/5 COVID-19-vaccination in previously infected and non-infected individuals

  Prior infection or exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may influence immunogenicity and effectiveness of subsequent vaccination to new strains of virus. Here the authors show that immunogenicity of a BA.4/5 mRNA vaccine differed in recipients depending on whether they had been exposed to or infected with an earlier strain of virus.

  • Rebecca Urschel
  • , Saskia Bronder
  •  & Martina Sester

• Article
  30 January 2024 | Open Access

  Humoral profiles of toddlers and young children following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination

  Nziza et al. profile anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in infants and toddlers after mRNA vaccination and demonstrate a strong functional activation of humoral immunity in this age group when compared with adults and naturally infected children.

  • Nadège Nziza
  • , Yixiang Deng
  •  & Lael M. Yonker

• Article
  02 December 2023 | Open Access

  Interaction dynamics between innate and adaptive immune cells responding to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in non-human primates

  Innate immune responses to mRNA vaccines are less well understood than adaptive immunity. Here, the authors comprehensively characterize the innate and adaptive immune responses to mRNA-1273 vaccinations in rhesus macaques and show how the vaccine activates interactions among components of the two systems.

  • Chaim A. Schramm
  • , Damee Moon
  •  & Daniel C. Douek

• Article
  01 December 2023 | Open Access

  Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 variants following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in children

  In this work, authors investigate the virus-neutralizing capacity in children against circulating BQ.1, BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 SARS-CoV-2 variants. Vaccination induced more neutralizing antibodies against BQ.1.1 and XBB.1 in youngest children ( < 5 years) compared with >5 years children.

  • Lorenza Bellusci
  • , Gabrielle Grubbs
  •  & Surender Khurana

• Article
  22 September 2023 | Open Access

  mRNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of monkeypox virus antigens protect mice from vaccinia virus challenge

  The authors report mRNA vaccines encoding a fusion protein of MPXV A35R extracellular domain and full-length M1R and observe improved anti-M1R antibody response. The vaccines show enhanced active and passive protection in female mice challenged with a lethal dose of vaccinia virus.

  • Fujun Hou
  • , Yuntao Zhang
  •  & Xiaoming Yang

• Article
  21 September 2023 | Open Access

  mRNA vaccine quality analysis using RNA sequencing

  mRNA vaccines must be rigorously analysed to measure their integrity and detect contaminants, which can be time-consuming and costly. Here, authors describe a method to analyse mRNA vaccine quality using long-read sequencing and a custom bioinformatic pipeline.

  • Helen M. Gunter
  • , Senel Idrisoglu
  •  & Tim R. Mercer

• Article
  12 September 2023 | Open Access

  A Lassa virus mRNA vaccine confers protection but does not require neutralizing antibody in a guinea pig model of infection

  Lassa virus infections in humans can result in severe disease, including hemorrhagic fever. Here the authors describe an mRNA-based Lassa virus vaccine that shows protection without requirement for neutralizing antibody in a guinea pig model of infection.

  • Adam J. Ronk
  • , Nicole M. Lloyd
  •  & Alexander Bukreyev

• Article
  29 July 2023 | Open Access

  Correlates of protection for booster doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine BNT162b2

  Vaccination with multiple doses has been proven effective against severe COVID-19, but protection levels widely vary among individuals. This study examines the serological and immunological profiles in recipients of multiple doses of Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine for immune markers that correlate with protection against and susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection.

  • Tomer Hertz
  • , Shlomia Levy
  •  & Orly Weinstein

• Article
  27 June 2023 | Open Access

  Age-associated B cells predict impaired humoral immunity after COVID-19 vaccination in patients receiving immune checkpoint blockade

  Age-associated B cells (ABC) have been shown to be associated with autoimmunity and ageing. Here the authors examine whether ABC are transcriptionally or functionally altered in participants with reduced immune cell function and show that, being transcriptionally similar, high pre-vaccine levels are associated with poor vaccine response.

  • Juan Carlos Yam-Puc
  • , Zhaleh Hosseini
  •  & James E. D. Thaventhiran

• Article
  22 June 2023 | Open Access

  Unmodified rabies mRNA vaccine elicits high cross-neutralizing antibody titers and diverse B cell memory responses

  Here the authors show that in non-human primates two doses of an mRNA-based rabies vaccine induce higher levels of vaccine-specific B cells and cross-neutralizing antibodies compared to two doses of a licensed whole inactivated virus vaccine.

  • Fredrika Hellgren
  • , Alberto Cagigi
  •  & Karin Loré

• Article
  19 June 2023 | Open Access

  Safety and immunogenicity of a phase 1/2 randomized clinical trial of a quadrivalent, mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccine (mRNA-1010) in healthy adults: interim analysis

  Here the authors report initial findings of a phase 1 clinical trial, showing that an investigational, mRNA-based vaccine for seasonal influenza (mRNA-1010) has no safety concerns and produces immune responses in adults that are similar or higher than a licensed comparator vaccine.

  • Ivan T. Lee
  • , Raffael Nachbagauer
  •  & Robert Paris

• Article
  17 June 2023 | Open Access

  Examining protective effects of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies after vaccination or monoclonal antibody administration

  Here the authors assess neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels as correlate of protection in a monoclonal antibody prevention trial and a vaccine trial for COVID-19 and show that nAb titers correlate with clinical protection against COVID-19 supporting nAb titer as a surrogate endpoint for authorization of monoclonal antibodies.

  • Dean Follmann
  • , Meagan P. O’Brien
  •  & Myron S. Cohen

• Article
  06 June 2023 | Open Access

  GRT-R910: a self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosts immunity for ≥6 months in previously-vaccinated older adults

  Palmer et al. present interim findings from their clinical trial; they describe the reactogenicity and immunogenicity results of a self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine within an older population (≥60 years of age).

  • Christine D. Palmer
  • , Ciaran D. Scallan
  •  & Andrew Ustianowski

• Article
  23 May 2023 | Open Access

  An mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen strengthens COVID-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants

  The authors show that an mRNA-based T-cell-inducing antigen combined with the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein strengthens the COVID19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants, suggesting improved vaccine designs that comprehensively stimulate both humoral and cellular responses.

  • Wanbo Tai
  • , Shengyong Feng
  •  & Gong Cheng

• Article
  11 May 2023 | Open Access

  Cap analogs with a hydrophobic photocleavable tag enable facile purification of fully capped mRNA with various cap structures

  Removing immunogenic uncapped mRNA from transcribed mRNA can be challenging, but is critical in mRNA research and clinical applications such as vaccines. Here, authors develop hydrophobic photocaged tag-modified cap analogs, which can be used to separate capped mRNA from uncapped mRNA, with subsequent tag removal using photo-irradiation.

  • Masahito Inagaki
  • , Naoko Abe
  •  & Hiroshi Abe

• Article
  21 April 2023 | Open Access

  Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine encoding secreted non-stabilized spike in female mice

  In this study, the authors provide pre-clinical evaluation of immunogenicity of the “ChulaCov19” mRNA vaccine encoding the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The vaccine induced potent immune response when applied as homologous prime/boost immunization or as heterologous booster and protected mice from disease.

  • Eakachai Prompetchara
  • , Chutitorn Ketloy
  •  & Kiat Ruxrungtham

• Article
  28 March 2023 | Open Access

  mRNA vaccines and hybrid immunity use different B cell germlines against Omicron BA.4 and BA.5

  Omicron strains of SARS-CoV-2 have displayed high transmissibility and immunological escape to antibody responses derived from natural infection and vaccination. Here the authors compare the antibody response to vaccination and natural infection, assessing neutralisation after vaccine doses and analyse the repertoire of such responses.

  • Emanuele Andreano
  • , Ida Paciello
  •  & Rino Rappuoli

• Article
  22 March 2023 | Open Access

  Correlates of protection and viral load trajectories in omicron breakthrough infections in triple vaccinated healthcare workers

  Correlation between vaccine induced serological response and protection against SARS-CoV-2 omicron infection is not well understood. Authors investigate breakthrough infections in triple-vaccinated healthcare workers, to characterise correlates of protection and viral characteristics.

  • Ulrika Marking
  • , Sebastian Havervall
  •  & Charlotte Thålin

• Article
  09 March 2023 | Open Access

  SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines decouple anti-viral immunity from humoral autoimmunity

  Whilst SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have demonstrated efficacy in reducing infection severity, research has shown that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with new autoantibodies. Whether this would also be observed during mRNA vaccination is unclear. Here, the authors use an autoantibody screening platform to monitor autoantibody responses in a diverse cohort during vaccination.

  • Jillian R. Jaycox
  • , Carolina Lucas
  •  & Aaron M. Ring

• Article
  13 February 2023 | Open Access

  Efficacy of an unmodified bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in female small animal models

  Here the authors show efficacy of a low-dose, unmodified, bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in two female rodent models and find that combination of mRNA encoding Beta and Delta Spike sequences induces broadly neutralizing antibodies and robust T-cell responses.

  • Björn Corleis
  • , Donata Hoffmann
  •  & Anca Dorhoi

• Article
  04 January 2023 | Open Access

  B cell analyses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA third vaccination reveals a hybrid immunity like antibody response

  SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and infection induce antibody responses but the evolution of subsequent variants has resulted in the development of escape mutants. Here the authors characterise, at single cell level, the antibody response in donors after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination and show difference in breadth, neutralisation and molecular signature according to the vaccination regimen used.

  • Emanuele Andreano
  • , Ida Paciello
  •  & Rino Rappuoli

• Article
  13 December 2022 | Open Access

  Immunogenicity and efficacy of fourth BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 COVID-19 vaccine doses; three months follow-up

  Here the authors provide immunogenicity and efficacy data at 3-month follow-up for vaccinees who have received a fourth dose of either mRNA1273 or BNT162b2. Both vaccines were highly effective against substantial symptomatic disease, but had little effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

  • Michal Canetti
  • , Noam Barda
  •  & Gili Regev-Yochay

• Article
  15 November 2022 | Open Access

  Effectiveness of a third BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy: a national observational study in Israel

  Data on the effectiveness of a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine in pregnant women are limited. In this observational study, the authors report that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy enhances protection against maternal adverse COVID-19-related outcomes.

  • Joshua Guedalia
  • , Michal Lipschuetz
  •  & Ofer Beharier

• Article
  07 November 2022 | Open Access

  Viral load dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants following multiple vaccine doses and previous infection

  COVID vaccination can reduce virus levels in breakthrough infections, which in turn may reduce transmission of the virus. By using qRT-PCR cycle threshold as a surrogate of virus levels, the authors here show that this positive effect of vaccination wanes relatively quickly for Omicron breakthrough infection.

  • Yonatan Woodbridge
  • , Sharon Amit
  •  & Naama M. Kopelman

• Article
  23 October 2022 | Open Access

  Breadth of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and protection induced by a nanoparticle vaccine

  The authors have previously demonstrated the neutralising capacity of their nanoparticle vaccine, as well as showing protection of non-human primates from SARS-CoV-2 WA-1 infection. In this work, they investigate the ability of their vaccine candidate to neutralise SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, and protect animals from other sarbecoviruses.

  • Dapeng Li
  • , David R. Martinez
  •  & Barton F. Haynes

• Article
  12 September 2022 | Open Access

  Heterologous vector versus homologous mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients: a randomized controlled trial

  Optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies for patients under immunosuppressive medication is of high importance. In this clinical trial including non-seroconverted immunosuppressed patients, a homologous mRNA booster vaccination resulted in higher seroconversion rate than a switch to a vector-based vaccine.

  • Daniel Mrak
  • , Daniela Sieghart
  •  & Michael Bonelli

• Article
  01 September 2022 | Open Access

  SARS-CoV-2 vaccination induces mucosal antibody responses in previously infected individuals

  Prior exposure to infectious agents can impact the vaccination induced immune response. Here the authors show prior SARS-CoV-2 infection results in more efficient induction of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 secretory IgA antibody following mRNA vaccination.

  • Kaori Sano
  • , Disha Bhavsar
  •  & Florian Krammer

• Article
  22 August 2022 | Open Access

  Immunogenicity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine third dose in people living with HIV

  HIV infection may affect the immune response to vaccination. Here the authors show that humoral response in persons living with HIV after the third dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine is strong and higher than that achieved with the second dose, while cell-mediated immunity remains stable.

  • Alessandra Vergori
  • , Alessandro Cozzi Lepri
  •  & Eleonora Tartaglia

• Article
  19 August 2022 | Open Access

  SARS CoV-2 mRNA vaccination exposes latent HIV to Nef-specific CD8⁺ T-cells

  Here, the authors show in a cohort of people with HIV, COVID mRNA vaccination is followed by a transient boost in a particular profile of HIV-specific T-cell responses and a corresponding decrease in residual HIV RNA – suggesting productive immune engagement with infected cells.

  • Eva M. Stevenson
  • , Sandra Terry
  •  & R. Brad Jones

• Article
  18 August 2022 | Open Access

  BNT162b2-boosted immune responses six months after heterologous or homologous ChAdOx1nCoV-19/BNT162b2 vaccination against COVID-19

  Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have changed the course of the COVID-19 pandemics, but waning immunity necessitates repeated immunization. Authors here show that immunity declines faster following two doses of vector-based vaccine compared to a first dose of vector-based vaccine followed by boosting with an mRNA vaccine, but application of an mRNA vaccine as a third dose minimises the difference between the two groups.

  • Georg M. N. Behrens
  • , Joana Barros-Martins
  •  & Reinhold Förster

• Article
  12 August 2022 | Open Access

  Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections

  The protection of COVID-19 vaccines against emerging variants needs to be monitored. Here, the authors use community testing data from the Netherlands and find that protection against infection by Omicron subvariants BA.1 and 2 is low and that booster vaccines considerably but temporarily increase protection.

  • Stijn P. Andeweg
  • , Brechje de Gier
  •  & Mirjam J. Knol

• Article
  09 August 2022 | Open Access

  Development of a pentavalent broadly protective nucleoside-modified mRNA vaccine against influenza B viruses

  The public health concern caused by influenza B virus is often overlooked, yet represents a significant global burden. Here, the authors evaluate the cellular and humoral immune responses of multivalent vaccine candidates, based on the lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated nucleoside-modified mRNA platform, and demonstrate protection of mice from challenge with a broad panel of influenza B viruses.

  • Norbert Pardi
  • , Juan Manuel Carreño
  •  & Meagan McMahon

• Article
  08 August 2022 | Open Access

  Antibody affinity and cross-variant neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3 following third mRNA vaccination

  Here the authors show that a third SARS-CoV-2 vaccination significantly boosts neutralizing antibodies against Omicron subvariants and that hybrid immunity (infection and vaccination) results in broader neutralization activity and cross-reactive antibody affinity maturation.

  • Lorenza Bellusci
  • , Gabrielle Grubbs
  •  & Surender Khurana

• Article
  08 August 2022 | Open Access

  Lower vaccine-acquired immunity in the elderly population following two-dose BNT162b2 vaccination is alleviated by a third vaccine dose

  Responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in different populations are important to define efficacy. Here the authors show using a cohort in Singapore that two doses of mRNA vaccine is less effective in recipients over 60 years of age and that a further dose of vaccine can improve these antibody levels.

  • Laurent Renia
  • , Yun Shan Goh
  •  & Lisa F. P. Ng

• Article
  08 August 2022 | Open Access

  COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine induces transient CD8+ T effector cell responses while conserving the memory pool for subsequent reactivation

  Vaccines induce beneficial immunity for COVID-19, but immune waning prompts boosting vaccination. Here, the authors show that a third, boosting dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induces transient CD8 + T effector cell response while conserving the CD8 memory T cell pool, thereby permitting reactivation of spike-specific CD8 + T cells upon breakthrough infection or 4th vaccination.

  • Matthias Reinscheid
  • , Hendrik Luxenburger
  •  & Maike Hofmann

• Article
  27 July 2022 | Open Access

  Differential neutralization and inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 variants by antibodies elicited by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines

  Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants raise concerns on immune evasion. Here, the authors evaluate the neutralization efficiency of COVID-19 mRNA vaccinee sera against representative viruses of 13 WHO-designated SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern/interest.

  • Li Wang
  • , Markus H. Kainulainen
  •  & Bin Zhou

• Article
  08 July 2022 | Open Access

  Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults

  Here the authors estimate effectiveness of three COVID-19 vaccines in university students and find that 2-dose mRNA vaccines offer strong protection against general SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by delta, but protection substantially declines over 6 months. While previous infection protects against reinfection, vaccination substantially increases protection.

  • Lior Rennert
  • , Zichen Ma
  •  & Delphine Dean

• Article
  28 June 2022 | Open Access

  Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in healthy adolescents

  There are adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines, such as myocarditis for adolescents following receipt of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines. Here the authors compare the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of two widely available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (BNT162b2, an mRNA vaccine, and CoronaVac, a whole-virus inactivated vaccine) in healthy adolescents.

  • Jaime S. Rosa Duque
  • , Xiwei Wang
  •  & Yu Lung Lau

• Article
  23 June 2022 | Open Access

  Neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine

  It is essential to test the neutralization of approved vaccines against SARSCoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Kurhade et al. find that sera from people with three doses of BNT162b2 neutralize Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.3 to a lesser extent than the original strain USAWA1/2020.

  • Chaitanya Kurhade
  • , Jing Zou
  •  & Pei‑Yong Shi

• Article
  16 June 2022 | Open Access

  Single-cell profiling of the antigen-specific response to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 RNA vaccine

  Vaccination against COVID-19 has shown activation of different immune cell types. Here the authors characterise the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine using longitudinal CyTOF single cell approaches to characterise antigen specific B and T-cell responses promoted by this vaccine.

  • Kevin J. Kramer
  • , Erin M. Wilfong
  •  & Jonathan M. Irish

• Article
  13 June 2022 | Open Access

  Anatomy of Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 mRNA vaccinees

  Here, Andreano and Paciello et al. show, at single cell level, the functional and genetic characteristics underlying the Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 cross-protective antibody response in naïve and previously infected COVID-19 vaccinees.

  • Emanuele Andreano
  • , Ida Paciello
  •  & Rino Rappuoli

• Article
  10 June 2022 | Open Access

  Expansion of cytotoxic tissue-resident CD8⁺ T cells and CCR6⁺CD161⁺ CD4⁺ T cells in the nasal mucosa following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination

  Whether mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines promote T cells within the nasal mucosa of vaccine recipients is not known. Here the authors show that after mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, antigen specific T cells can be measured in the nasal mucosa and that these T cells may be localised to respond to a subsequent virus infection.

  Clinical trial registration NCT04713163

  • Aloysious Ssemaganda
  • , Huong Mai Nguyen
  •  & Lyle R. McKinnon

• Article
  07 June 2022 | Open Access

  Low-dose self-amplifying mRNA COVID-19 vaccine drives strong protective immunity in non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 infection

  Self-amplifying mRNA vaccines offer the benefit of driving potent immune responses at low doses, as the mRNA replicates intracellularly. Here, the authors report the preclinical evaluation of a self-amplifying mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in non-human primates.

  • Amy R. Rappaport
  • , Sue-Jean Hong
  •  & Karin Jooss

• Article
  06 June 2022 | Open Access

  Omicron-specific mRNA vaccination alone and as a heterologous booster against SARS-CoV-2

  Here the authors show that Omicron neutralizing antibody titers decline over time in mice immunized with a wild-type (WT) lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA vaccine and are robustly increased by WT or Omicron LNP-mRNA and that Omicron boosters elicit higher BA.1-neutralizing titer than WT boosters.

  • Zhenhao Fang
  • , Lei Peng
  •  & Sidi Chen

• Article
  24 May 2022 | Open Access

  Competent immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in older adults following two doses of mRNA vaccination

  mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can induce protective immunity in older individuals, but whether they encompass new variants is not clear. Here the authors assess mRNA vaccine responses in both younger (<50) and older (>55) cohorts to find slightly delayed humoral and cellular immunity in the latter but, more importantly, reactivity to multiple variants.

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  • Mladen Jergović
  • , Jennifer L. Uhrlaub
  •  & Janko Nikolich-Žugich

• Article
  02 May 2022 | Open Access

  Comparative effectiveness over time of the mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine and the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine

  In this retrospective cohort study, Islam et al. estimate the effectiveness of two mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in over 3.5 million fully vaccinated individuals and find no differences in vaccine effectiveness for protection against hospitalization, ICU admission, or death/hospice transfer.

  • Nazmul Islam
  • , Natalie E. Sheils
  •  & Kenneth Cohen

• Article
  04 March 2022 | Open Access

  Waning of SARS-CoV-2 booster viral-load reduction effectiveness

  The BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine has been shown to reduce viral load of breakthrough infections (BTIs). Here, analyzing viral loads of BTIs post third vaccine shot, Levine-Tiefenbrun et al. show waning of the booster’s effectiveness in reducing infectiousness within months, mirroring the rate and magnitude of decline observed post the second shot.

  • Matan Levine-Tiefenbrun
  • , Idan Yelin
  •  & Roy Kishony

• Article
  14 February 2022 | Open Access

  Humoral and cellular responses after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 vaccine in patients with lymphoid malignancies

  Vaccination is effective in preventing severe COVID-19 symptoms. Here the authors monitor patients with hematopoietic malignancy to find the third dose of the mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, only boosts the humoral immunity in those showing responses to 2nd dose vaccination but can induce an independent T-cell response in a fraction of seronegative patients.

  • Daniel Re
  • , Barbara Seitz-Polski
  •  & Jérôme Barrière

• Article
  14 December 2021 | Open Access

  A randomized study to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine in healthy Japanese adults

  Here the authors provide the interim analysis of an ongoing phase 1/2 study of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy Japanese adults. They report mainly mild to moderate local reactions and no serious adverse events as well as good antibody induction one month after the second dose.

  • Miwa Haranaka
  • , James Baber
  •  & Stephen Lockhart

• Article
  26 November 2021 | Open Access

  Protective mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after heterologous systemic prime-mucosal boost immunization

  While current COVID-19 vaccines provide certain protection, more effective vaccination strategies are still desirable. Here the authors show, using mouse vaccination models, that priming with a systemic mRNA and boosting with an intranasal adenoviral vector vaccine induces comprehensive T cell and mucosal immunity.

  • Dennis Lapuente
  • , Jana Fuchs
  •  & Matthias Tenbusch