RIG-I-like receptors

cis-RNA editing quantitative trait loci, which are associated with immunogenic double-stranded RNAs, underlie genome-wide association study variants in common autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.

ADAR1 prevents Z-RNA-dependent activation of pathogenic type I interferon responses by ZBP1, whose activity may contribute to pathology in type I interferonopathies with ADAR1 mutations.

Mutations in the coatomer complex I can result in endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory consequences. Here authors define aberrant activation of the STING immunosensing pathway in a disturbed coatmer complex context and the therapeutic modulation of this axis to counter the associated immunopathology.

This Review from Masters and colleagues highlights how damage to intracellular organelles is linked to activation of the innate immune system. The authors propose that a better appreciation of such organellar homeostasis could lead to the identification of novel innate immune pathways and have therapeutic implications.

MDA5 is the primary immune sensor for SARS-CoV-2 and many other viruses. Mutations in MDA5 can cause disease. Here the authors employ CryoEM and biochemical methods to show how steric constraints cause MDA5 to misrecognize endogenous RNA as viral RNA.

The cytidine deaminase APOBEC3A is a main source of mutagenesis in many types of cancer. Here the authors reveal that transient up-regulation of APOBEC3A and other pro-inflammatory genes can occur due to viral infection and genotoxic stress via multiple pathways.