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| Open AccessDirect contribution of the sensory cortex to the judgment of stimulus duration
The neural substrates of time perception are still unclear. Here, the authors show that as rats judged tactile stimuli, optogenetic manipulation of somatosensory cortex systematically altered perception of stimulus intensity and of duration, unveiling a multiplexed code.
- Sebastian Reinartz
- , Arash Fassihi
- & Mathew E. Diamond
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Article
| Open AccessTimbral effects on consonance disentangle psychoacoustic mechanisms and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales
Consonance is crucial to diverse musical styles and is traditionally attributed to simple frequency ratios between tones. Here, the authors show timbral effects on consonance that challenge this view and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales.
- Raja Marjieh
- , Peter M. C. Harrison
- & Nori Jacoby
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Article
| Open AccessCortical depth profiles in primary visual cortex for illusory and imaginary experiences
Whether visual illusions and mental imagery are similarly represented in visual cortex is not well understood. Here, the authors show that imagery content is mainly detectable in deep layers of V1, whereas illusory content is decodable mainly from superficial layers.
- Johanna Bergmann
- , Lucy S. Petro
- & Lars Muckli
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| Open AccessHuman brain representations of internally generated outcomes of approximate calculation revealed by ultra-high-field brain imaging
How the brain represents quantities remains unclear. Here the authors identify dorsal stream sensory-motor integration areas as a candidate region for the internal generation of numerical contents during mental calculations.
- Sébastien Czajko
- , Alexandre Vignaud
- & Evelyn Eger
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Article
| Open AccessOpposing brain signatures of sleep in task-based and resting-state conditions
The associations between sleep, depression and brain activity are not well understood. Here, the authors show patterns of brain activity associated with insomnia and depression resemble those found in people who sleep less, but only under cognitive load. At rest, these activation patterns are hyperconnected and resemble those found in longer sleepers.
- Mohamed Abdelhack
- , Peter Zhukovsky
- & Daniel Felsky
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| Open AccessIntrospective inference counteracts perceptual distortion
People can have perceptual illusions that they realize are not real. Here, the authors show that this type of reality testing can be explained by a Bayesian inference model that incorporates introspective knowledge.
- Andra Mihali
- , Marianne Broeker
- & Guillermo Horga
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Article
| Open AccessImmediate neural impact and incomplete compensation after semantic hub disconnection
The human brain is a distributed system composed of highly interconnected hubs. Here, patients undergoing a rare operation reveal the immediate impact and compensatory brain network changes that occur when a key hub is removed.
- Zsuzsanna Kocsis
- , Rick L. Jenison
- & Christopher I. Petkov
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Article
| Open AccessFeedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
How salient objects in our environment grab our attention has been a matter of debate for decades. Here, the authors demonstrate that salient objects automatically capture attention, but cognitive effort can affect their potency.
- Jacob A. Westerberg
- , Jeffrey D. Schall
- & Alexander Maier
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Article
| Open AccessIncreasing associative plasticity in temporo-occipital back-projections improves visual perception of emotions
Temporo-occipital areas are involved in perceiving emotional faces. Here, the authors show that strengthening back-projections from temporal to occipital areas enhances visual cortex’s response to face stimuli and perception of emotions from them.
- Sara Borgomaneri
- , Marco Zanon
- & Alessio Avenanti
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Article
| Open AccessPrior information differentially affects discrimination decisions and subjective confidence reports
Both decisions and the confidence accompanying them are influenced not only by incoming information, but also prior expectations. Here, the authors show that confidence in decisions is affected by prior information more than the decisions themselves.
- Marika Constant
- , Michael Pereira
- & Elisa Filevich
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Article
| Open AccessDissociable roles of human frontal eye fields and early visual cortex in presaccadic attention
It has been unclear whether human FEF and early visual cortex play a role in the perceptual modulations preceding saccades. Here, the authors show that V1/2 TMS reduces sensitivity at the contralateral target just before saccade onset, and rFEF+TMS enhances sensitivity where presaccadic perception is poor.
- Nina M. Hanning
- , Antonio Fernández
- & Marisa Carrasco
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Article
| Open AccessBilateral human laryngeal motor cortex in perceptual decision of lexical tone and voicing of consonant
The role of the laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) in speech perception is poorly understood. Here, using transcranial magnetic stimulation, the authors found a causal contribution of bilateral LMC to consonant and lexical tone perception.
- Baishen Liang
- , Yanchang Li
- & Yi Du
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Article
| Open AccessThe default network dominates neural responses to evolving movie stories
How brain networks process dynamic naturalistic stimuli is not well understood. Here, the authors use machine learning algorithms to show that brain states in the default network capture the semantic aspects of an unfolding narrative during movie watching.
- Enning Yang
- , Filip Milisav
- & Danilo Bzdok
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Article
| Open AccessPredictive neural representations of naturalistic dynamic input
The neural processes underlying the prediction of unfolding external dynamics are not well understood. Here, the authors combine magnetoencephalography and naturalistic dynamic stimuli and show predictive neural representations of observed actions which are hierarchical in nature.
- Ingmar E. J. de Vries
- & Moritz F. Wurm
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Article
| Open AccessNeural correlates of hierarchical predictive processes in autistic adults
It remains unclear whether autism spectrum disorder is characterized by changes in predictive mechanisms. Here, the authors show that, in both neurotypical and autistic adults, priors influence percepts at the behavioral and neural levels and are hierarchically encoded in the brain.
- Laurie-Anne Sapey-Triomphe
- , Lauren Pattyn
- & Johan Wagemans
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Article
| Open AccessA shared neural code for the physics of actions and object events
The authors examine how the brain processes actions performed by humans and events involving objects. Their findings suggest that a common neural code is used in the brain’s action observation network to represent event information, regardless of animacy.
- Seda Karakose-Akbiyik
- , Alfonso Caramazza
- & Moritz F. Wurm
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Article
| Open AccessSemantic novelty modulates neural responses to visual change across the human brain
Movies are complex, continuous stimuli that are characterized by visual and semantic novelty. Here, by leveraging intracranial recordings from 23 humans, the authors find that responses to novelty across film cuts and saccades are widespread in the brain.
- Maximilian Nentwich
- , Marcin Leszczynski
- & Lucas C. Parra
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Article
| Open AccessExpectation violations enhance neuronal encoding of sensory information in mouse primary visual cortex
In order to efficiently process incoming sensory information, our brain is thought to make predictions about future events. Here, the authors show how neurons in the mouse visual cortex enhance their representation of unpredicted surprising events.
- Matthew F. Tang
- , Ehsan Kheradpezhouh
- & Ehsan Arabzadeh
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Article
| Open AccessVisual motion perception as online hierarchical inference
How the human visual system leverages the rich structure in object motion for perception remains unclear. Here, Bill et al. propose a theory of how the brain could infer motion relations in real time and offer a unifying explanation for various perceptual phenomena.
- Johannes Bill
- , Samuel J. Gershman
- & Jan Drugowitsch
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Article
| Open AccessHuman visual consciousness involves large scale cortical and subcortical networks independent of task report and eye movement activity
Isolating the neural mechanisms of consciousness is complicated by task report and other irrelevant signals. Here, the authors removed report and eye movement confounds to uncover large scale cortical-subcortical networks specific for human visual consciousness.
- Sharif I. Kronemer
- , Mark Aksen
- & Hal Blumenfeld
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Article
| Open AccessIntrinsic brain dynamics in the Default Mode Network predict involuntary fluctuations of visual awareness
The default mode network (DMN) is known to be involved in consciousness. Here the authors show intrinsic EEG oscillations in default mode network can predict upcoming involuntarily perceptual transitions.
- Dian Lyu
- , Shruti Naik
- & Emmanuel A. Stamatakis
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| Open AccessNeural dynamics of phoneme sequences reveal position-invariant code for content and order
Speech unfolds faster than the brain completes processing of speech sounds. Here, the authors show that brain activity moves systematically within neural populations of auditory cortex, allowing accurate representation of a speech sound’s identity and its position in the sound sequence.
- Laura Gwilliams
- , Jean-Remi King
- & David Poeppel
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| Open AccessV1-bypassing suppression leads to direction-specific microsaccade modulation in visual coding and perception
How microsaccades modulate visual coding and perception remains incompletely understood. Here, the authors identify an emerging suppression specific to microsaccade directions that alters responses in macaque V2 and impacts perceptual decisions.
- Yujie Wu
- , Tian Wang
- & Dajun Xing
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Article
| Open AccessA neural correlate of perceptual segmentation in macaque middle temporal cortical area
Perceptual segmentation, grouping distinct parts of the input for further processing, is a hard problem for sensory systems. Here, the authors report a link between spiking activity in primate visual cortical area MT and subjective segmentation.
- Andrew M. Clark
- & David C. Bradley
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Article
| Open AccessAudiovisual adaptation is expressed in spatial and decisional codes
The brain adapts dynamically to the statistics of its environment. Here, the authors use psychophysics and model-based representational fMRI and EEG to show that audiovisual recalibration relies on distinct spatial and decisional codes that are expressed with opposite gradients and time courses across the auditory processing hierarchy.
- Máté Aller
- , Agoston Mihalik
- & Uta Noppeney
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| Open AccessRhythmic interactions between the mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex precede human visual perception
How the thalamus and the cortex interact in the context of perception remains largely unclear. Here, the authors show that rhythmic activity in the human mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex interact to predict whether a near-threshold visual stimulus will be seen, contradicting the traditional view that the thalamus is a simple relay.
- Benjamin J. Griffiths
- , Tino Zaehle
- & Tobias Staudigl
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| Open AccessHippocampal representations switch from errors to predictions during acquisition of predictive associations
Successfully exploiting the regularities in our environment requires balancing the encoding of new information with the retrieval of stored associations. Here, the authors show that the hippocampus switches from representing novel information (errors) to representing predictions as learning proceeds.
- Fraser Aitken
- & Peter Kok
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Article
| Open AccessMultisensory task demands temporally extend the causal requirement for visual cortex in perception
How primary sensory cortices contribute to decision making remains poorly understood. Here the authors report that increasing task demands extend the temporal window in which the primary visual cortex is required for detecting identical stimuli.
- Matthijs N. Oude Lohuis
- , Jean L. Pie
- & Umberto Olcese
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Article
| Open AccessModulation of biological motion perception in humans by gravity
Utilizing spaceflight and its ground-based analog, the authors show how the Earth’s gravity sustains the human brain’s orientation-dependent sensitivity to biological motion signals based on neural computations of visual and vestibular gravitational cues.
- Ying Wang
- , Xue Zhang
- & Yi Jiang
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Article
| Open AccessMultisensory correlation computations in the human brain identified by a time-resolved encoding model
Neural mechanisms that arbitrate between integrating and segregating multisensory information are essential for complex scene analysis. Here, the authors show the existence of multisensory correlation detectors in the human brain which explains why and how causal inference is driven by the temporal correlation of multisensory signals.
- Jacques Pesnot Lerousseau
- , Cesare V. Parise
- & Virginie van Wassenhove
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| Open AccessTemporal dynamics of the neural representation of hue and luminance polarity
Hue (e.g. red, blue) and luminance polarity (light/dark) are basic visual features. This paper shows that the brain has both joint and separable representations of these features, and extracts hue approximately 20 milliseconds later, with a more sustained representation.
- Katherine L. Hermann
- , Shridhar R. Singh
- & Bevil R. Conway
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessNo specific relationship between hypnotic suggestibility and the rubber hand illusion
- H. Henrik Ehrsson
- , Aikaterini Fotopoulou
- & Manos Tsakiris
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Article
| Open AccessEmerging experience-dependent dynamics in primary somatosensory cortex reflect behavioral adaptation
Waiblinger et al. investigate the role of primary sensory cortex in flexible behaviors. They show that neuronal signals in S1 are part of an adaptive and dynamic framework that facilitates flexible behavior as an individual gains experience, indicating a role for S1 in long-term adaptive strategies.
- Christian Waiblinger
- , Megan E. McDonnell
- & Garrett B. Stanley
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Article
| Open AccessMapping brain structural differences and neuroreceptor correlates in Parkinson’s disease visual hallucinations
Visual hallucinations are a prevalent symptom of Parkinson’s disease. Here the authors use a structural mega-analysis to show cortical regions and networks involved in visual hallucinations and associations with receptor density maps.
- Miriam Vignando
- , Dominic ffytche
- & Mitul A. Mehta
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Article
| Open AccessA self-supervised domain-general learning framework for human ventral stream representation
It is unknown whether object category learning can be formed purely through domain general learning of natural image structure. Here the authors show that human visual brain responses to objects are well-captured by self-supervised deep neural network models trained without labels, supporting a domain-general account.
- Talia Konkle
- & George A. Alvarez
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Article
| Open AccessFace detection in untrained deep neural networks
Face-selective neurons are observed in the primate visual pathway and are considered as the basis of face detection in the brain. Here, using a hierarchical deep neural network model of the ventral visual stream, the authors suggest that face selectivity arises in the complete absence of training.
- Seungdae Baek
- , Min Song
- & Se-Bum Paik
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Article
| Open AccessLong-term priors influence visual perception through recruitment of long-range feedback
Priors learnt from lifetime experiences influence perception. The authors show that when perception is congruent with a long-term prior, there is increased top-down input in the ventral visual stream, whereas bottom-up input is enhanced when perception is incongruent with prior.
- Richard Hardstone
- , Michael Zhu
- & Biyu J. He
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Article
| Open AccessDynamics of history-dependent perceptual judgment
Identical physical inputs can evoke non-identical percepts. Here, the authors investigate the sources of such variability and find that rats and humans, trained to judge tactile vibration strength, express a robust sequential effect that could be modeled as the trial-by-trial incorporation of sensory history.
- I. Hachen
- , S. Reinartz
- & M. E. Diamond
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Article
| Open AccessDecision-related feedback in visual cortex lacks spatial selectivity
Feedback modulates visual neurons, thought to help achieve flexible task performance. Here, the authors show decision-related feedback is not only relayed to task-relevant neurons, suggesting a broader mechanism and supporting a previously hypothesized link to feature-based attention.
- Katrina R. Quinn
- , Lenka Seillier
- & Hendrikje Nienborg
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Article
| Open AccessObject representations in the human brain reflect the co-occurrence statistics of vision and language
When people view an object, they can often guess the setting from which it was drawn and the other objects that might be found in that setting. Here the authors identify regions of the human visual system that represent this information about which objects tend to appear together in the world.
- Michael F. Bonner
- & Russell A. Epstein
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Article
| Open AccessMouse visual cortex contains a region of enhanced spatial resolution
The representation of space in mouse visual cortex was considered to be relatively uniform. The authors show that mice have improved visual resolution in a cortical region representing a location in space directly in front and slightly above them, showing that the representation of space in mouse visual cortex is non-uniform.
- Enny H. van Beest
- , Sreedeep Mukherjee
- & Matthew W. Self
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Article
| Open AccessTopographic numerosity maps cover subitizing and estimation ranges
Here, the authors show that the brain represents small and large numerosity ranges in a continuous topographic map, in line with the idea that differences in map properties underlie differences in perception.
- Yuxuan Cai
- , Shir Hofstetter
- & Serge O. Dumoulin
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Article
| Open AccessCortical and subcortical signatures of conscious object recognition
Cortical and subcortical neural activity supporting conscious object recognition has not yet been well defined. Here, the authors describe these networks and show recognition-related category information can be decoded from widespread cortical activity but not subcortical activity.
- Max Levinson
- , Ella Podvalny
- & Biyu J. He
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Article
| Open AccessNeural integration underlying naturalistic prediction flexibly adapts to varying sensory input rate
Predicting future sensory input based on past sensory information is essential for organisms to effectively adapt their behaviour in dynamic environments. The authors identify the neural mechanisms enabling humans to predict dynamic stimuli in natural environments despite large sensory input rate variations.
- Thomas J. Baumgarten
- , Brian Maniscalco
- & Biyu J. He
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Article
| Open AccessThalamocortical excitability modulation guides human perception under uncertainty
How is neural processing adjusted when people experience uncertainty about the relevance of a stimulus feature? Here, the authors provide evidence suggesting that heightened uncertainty shifts cortical networks from a rhythmic to an asynchronous (“excited”) state and that the thalamus is central for such uncertainty-related shifts.
- Julian Q. Kosciessa
- , Ulman Lindenberger
- & Douglas D. Garrett
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential spatial computations in ventral and lateral face-selective regions are scaffolded by structural connections
Humans process faces using face-selective regions in the ventral and lateral streams which perform different tasks. Here, the authors show via functional and diffusion MRI that the spatial computations in face-selective regions vary across streams, constrained by connections from early visual areas.
- Dawn Finzi
- , Jesse Gomez
- & Kalanit Grill-Spector
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Article
| Open AccessPredictive learning as a network mechanism for extracting low-dimensional latent space representations
Neural networks trained using predictive models generate representations that recover the underlying low-dimensional latent structure in the data. Here, the authors demonstrate that a network trained on a spatial navigation task generates place-related neural activations similar to those observed in the hippocampus and show that these are related to the latent structure.
- Stefano Recanatesi
- , Matthew Farrell
- & Eric Shea-Brown
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Article
| Open AccessHuman cortical encoding of pitch in tonal and non-tonal languages
Different languages rely on different vocal sounds to convey meaning. Here the authors show that language-general coding of pitch occurs in the non-primary auditory cortex for both tonal (Mandarin Chinese) and non-tonal (English) languages, with some language specificity on the population level.
- Yuanning Li
- , Claire Tang
- & Edward F. Chang
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Article
| Open AccessStatistically defined visual chunks engage object-based attention
The study reports that implicitly learned, statistically defined chunks of abstract visual shapes elicit similar object-based perceptual effects as images of true objects with visual boundaries do. This result links the emergence of object representations to implicit statistical learning mechanisms.
- Gábor Lengyel
- , Márton Nagy
- & József Fiser