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| Open AccessData fusion and multivariate analysis for food authenticity analysis
Using two different mass spectrometric platforms, authors demonstrate how metabolomic data fusion and multivariate analysis can be used to accurately identify the geographic origin and production method of salmon.
- Yunhe Hong
- , Nicholas Birse
- & Christopher T. Elliott
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Article
| Open AccessRole of the Maritime Continent in the remote influence of Atlantic Niño on the Pacific
Equatorial Atlantic sea-surface temperature anomalies force an eastward propagating atmospheric Kelvin wave, enabling the Atlantic to impact the Pacific, with the interaction of the Kelvin wave and the Maritime Continent critical in this teleconnection.
- Siying Liu
- , Ping Chang
- & Ingo Richter
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Article
| Open AccessRain triggers seasonal stratification in a temperate shelf sea
Seasonal stratification on the northwest European Shelf is found to be triggered by rainfall from passing storms. Further links are made between the onset of stratification to large-scale pressure changes in the North Atlantic.
- J. E. Jardine
- , M. Palmer
- & J. Wihsgott
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Comment
| Open AccessInsights and achievements from the Tara Pacific expedition
The Tara Pacific program and expedition focused on coral reefs across the Pacific Ocean and used a coordinated sampling effort to address questions at multiple scales using a common suite of samples. Here, we highlight some of the Tara Pacific achievements, discussing the benefits of long-duration sea expeditions for investigating a wide array of research questions within a selected ecosystem.
- Serge Planes
- & Denis Allemand
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Article
| Open AccessHost transcriptomic plasticity and photosymbiotic fidelity underpin Pocillopora acclimatization across thermal regimes in the Pacific Ocean
Using data from the Tara Pacific expedition to investigate symbiont fidelity and patterns of gene expression across a thermal gradient, this study shows that Pocillopora corals have a three-tiered strategy of thermal acclimatization that is underpinned by host–photosymbiont specificity, host transcriptomic plasticity, and differential photosymbiotic associations under extreme warming.
- Eric J. Armstrong
- , Julie Lê-Hoang
- & Patrick Wincker
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Article
| Open AccessOceanic mesoscale eddies as crucial drivers of global marine heatwaves
New paper by Bian and colleagues shows that oceanic mesoscale eddies act as a dominant driver of #marine #heatwave life cycles over most parts of the global #ocean.
- Ce Bian
- , Zhao Jing
- & Haiyuan Yang
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Article
| Open AccessStony coral tissue loss disease induces transcriptional signatures of in situ degradation of dysfunctional Symbiodiniaceae
From profiling the gene expression of five coral species exposed to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD), this study finds signatures of in situ degradation of Symbiodiniaceae experiencing photosystem dysfunction. These results indicate that Symbiodiniaceae may be the target of initial SCTLD infection, which subsequently induces host responses and tissue loss.
- Kelsey M. Beavers
- , Emily W. Van Buren
- & Laura D. Mydlarz
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Article
| Open AccessClimate-controlled submarine landslides on the Antarctic continental margin
Changes in climate preconditioned large-scale, recurrent Miocene to Pleistocene Antarctic submarine landslides through variations in biological productivity, ice proximity and ocean circulation, posing tsunami risk to Southern Hemisphere populations.
- Jenny A. Gales
- , Robert M. McKay
- & Zhifang Xiong
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Article
| Open AccessGlobal disruption of coral broadcast spawning associated with artificial light at night
This global analysis reveals that artificial light from cities is associated with the disruption of synchronised egg release by corals. This situation could reduce coral reproductive health, hindering conservation efforts in the face of climate change and other anthropogenic impacts.
- Thomas W. Davies
- , Oren Levy
- & Tim Smyth
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Article
| Open AccessIsotopic evidence for an intensified hydrological cycle in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean
Based on concurrent salinity and oxygen isotope observations, the authors find that amplification of the atmospheric water cycle is the main contributor to changes in surface salinity in the Indian Southern Ocean over the past three decades.
- Camille Hayatte Akhoudas
- , Jean-Baptiste Sallée
- & Christian Stranne
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Comment
| Open AccessPhosphate limitation and ocean acidification co-shape phytoplankton physiology and community structure
This Comment discusses the complexity of how ocean acidification and phosphate limitation affect phytoplankton physiologies, as well as what future research is needed to address remaining crucial questions.
- Senjie Lin
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Article
| Open AccessLarge-scale control of the retroflection of the Labrador Current
The authors find that whether the Labrador Current transports its cold, relatively fresh, and well oxygenated waters towards the subpolar North Atlantic or the eastern American coast depends on large-scale forcing, partly driven by winds over the North Atlantic.
- Mathilde Jutras
- , Carolina O. Dufour
- & Lauryn C. Talbot
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Article
| Open AccessRegional and global impact of CO2 uptake in the Benguela Upwelling System through preformed nutrients
Consumption of biologically unused, ‘preformed’ nutrients in the Benguela Upwelling System drive a more efficient regional CO2 uptake, and can compensate for 20–68% of natural CO2 outgassing in the Southern Ocean’s Atlantic sector.
- Claire Siddiqui
- , Tim Rixen
- & Keshnee Pillay
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Article
| Open AccessWhat the geological past can tell us about the future of the ocean’s twilight zone
Combining geological evidence and modelling, Crichton and others find life in the ocean Twilight Zone (200 m to 1000 m depth) is vulnerable to warming due to lower food supply. High emissions may lead to severe depletion and extinction in this habitat
- Katherine A. Crichton
- , Jamie D. Wilson
- & Paul N. Pearson
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Article
| Open AccessPhosphate availability and implications for life on ocean worlds
Is phosphorous a limiting factor for life on ocean worlds (e.g. Europa and Enceladus)? Calculated dissolved phosphate concentrations from a wide range of possible water-rock reactions suggest cell populations larger than those observed in Earth’s deep oceans could be supported.
- Noah G. Randolph-Flagg
- , Tucker Ely
- & Tori M. Hoehler
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Article
| Open AccessInadequacy of fluvial energetics for describing gravity current autosuspension
This study shows that the total energy loss of gravity currents has a non-linear dependence on the work required to keep sediment in suspension, highlighting the importance of large-scale mixing for the particulate transport of gravity currents.
- Sojiro Fukuda
- , Marijke G. W. de Vet
- & Robert M. Dorrell
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Article
| Open AccessThe potential for coral reef restoration to mitigate coastal flooding as sea levels rise
The capacity of coral reefs to keep pace with sea-level rise is central to their ability to continue to provide shoreline protection to vulnerable coastal communities. Here, the study shows that whereas restoration has the potential to minimize climate-change impacts, doing nothing will amplify them.
- Lauren T. Toth
- , Curt D. Storlazzi
- & Richard B. Aronson
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Article
| Open AccessAtlantic water intrusion triggers rapid retreat and regime change at previously stable Greenland glacier
From 2018 to 2021, KIV Steenstrups Nordre Bræ, a marine-terminating outlet glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet, retreated ~7 km, thinned ~20%, doubled in discharge, and accelerated ~300%. This rate of change is unprecedented in the observational record.
- T. R. Chudley
- , I. M. Howat
- & A. Negrete
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Article
| Open AccessThe value of ecosystem services in global marine kelp forests
By combining fisheries, nutrient, and carbon cycling data, this synthesis suggests that marine kelp forests, a dominant but often undescribed habitat, provide services with a potential value of $111,000/ha/year and a global yearly value of $500 billion.
- Aaron M. Eger
- , Ezequiel M. Marzinelli
- & Adriana Vergés
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Article
| Open AccessWidespread global disparities between modelled and observed mid-depth ocean currents
Analysis of big Argo data reveals that model representation of global ocean circulation near 1000-m depth is substantially compromised by inaccuracies. Only 3.8% of the mid-depth ocean circulation can be considered accurately modelled.
- Fenzhen Su
- , Rong Fan
- & Fei Chai
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Article
| Open AccessFuture strengthening of the Nordic Seas overturning circulation
In contrast to the North Atlantic, the projected overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas increases throughout most of the 21st century in global climate model simulations. The Nordic Seas could therefore be a stabilizing factor in the future AMOC.
- Marius Årthun
- , Helene Asbjørnsen
- & Kjetil Våge
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Article
| Open AccessCarbon sequestration by multiple biological pump pathways in a coastal upwelling biome
Biological carbon pump pathways combine to transport organic carbon into the deep ocean. This study shows that sinking particles sequester 4 Pg C, active transport sequesters 1 Pg C, and subduction sequesters 0.8 Pg C in the California Current Ecosystem.
- Michael R. Stukel
- , John P. Irving
- & Natalia Yingling
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Article
| Open AccessThe contribution of penguin guano to the Southern Ocean iron pool
Here the authors show that Chinstrap penguins play a significant role in iron recycling, essential for phytoplankton growth and carbon sequestration, recycling yearly 521 tonnes of iron, half of what they did 40 years ago due to population decline.
- Oleg Belyaev
- , Erica Sparaventi
- & Antonio Tovar-Sánchez
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Article
| Open AccessIncreasing deep-water overflow from the Pacific into the South China Sea revealed by mooring observations
The observed deep-water overflow transport from the Pacific into the South China Sea has increased by 9% since 2009. This finding may have broad implications for the overturning circulations and biogeochemical processes in this region.
- Chun Zhou
- , Xin Xiao
- & Jiwei Tian
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Article
| Open AccessAcceleration of U.S. Southeast and Gulf coast sea-level rise amplified by internal climate variability
Sea level rise along the U.S. Southeast and Gulf Coast has accelerated since 2010 due to changes in steric expansion and the ocean’s circulation. The acceleration represents the compounding effects of external forcing and natural climate variability.
- Sönke Dangendorf
- , Noah Hendricks
- & Torbjörn E. Törnqvist
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Article
| Open AccessYear-round utilization of sea ice-associated carbon in Arctic ecosystems
Koch and Brown et al. led a collaborative and comprehensive synthesis that shows the transfer of ice algal carbon is widespread throughout the Arctic marine food web and contributes to supporting organisms throughout the dark winter months
- Chelsea W. Koch
- , Thomas A. Brown
- & David J. Yurkowski
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Article
| Open AccessWidespread natural methane and oil leakage from sub-marine Arctic reservoirs
Barents Sea shelf experienced >30 episodes of glaciation which scraped off layers of rocks and led to petroleum reservoirs exposed onto the seafloor. Today, such uncapped reservoirs produce strong fluxes of methane gas and oil into the ocean.
- Pavel Serov
- , Rune Mattingsdal
- & Karin Andreassen
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Article
| Open AccessFuture Indian Ocean warming patterns
Strong negative climatological air-sea interactions effectively damp warming over the eastern Indian Ocean, resulting in weakening of the winds therein. This, in turn, changes the strength of ocean currents, which is considered as the primary mechanism responsible for modulating warming patterns.
- Sahil Sharma
- , Kyung-Ja Ha
- & Eui-Seok Chung
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Article
| Open AccessCoastal El Niño triggers rapid marine silicate alteration on the seafloor
This study identifies the rapidness of marine mineral reactions, directly after an extreme rainfall event. The reactions have the potential to affect marine cation and CO2 cycling, impacting element turnover on human time scales
- Sonja Geilert
- , Daniel A. Frick
- & Andrew W. Dale
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Article
| Open AccessBottom marine heatwaves along the continental shelves of North America
The authors investigate marine heatwaves on the ocean bottom in the shallow waters surrounding North America. Relative to their surface counterparts, bottom marine heatwaves are often more intense, more persistent, and can occur independently.
- Dillon J. Amaya
- , Michael G. Jacox
- & Adam S. Phillips
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Article
| Open AccessPlastic waste discharge to the global ocean constrained by seawater observations
Estimating the amount of plastics that enters the ocean is subject to significant uncertainty. This study uses ocean plastic abundance data to refine our estimate and reduce this uncertainty, enabling more effective control and mitigation polices.
- Yanxu Zhang
- , Peipei Wu
- & Eddy Y. Zeng
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Article
| Open AccessSubmesoscale inverse energy cascade enhances Southern Ocean eddy heat transport
Based on two high-resolution simulations, the authors find that submesoscale eddies significantly boost poleward oceanic heat transport in Antarctic waters by strengthening transport capability of mesoscale eddies through inverse energy cascade.
- Zhiwei Zhang
- , Yuelin Liu
- & Jiwei Tian
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Article
| Open AccessWind-driven upwelling of iron sustains dense blooms and food webs in the eastern Weddell Gyre
This study reports a dense, late summer phytoplankton bloom in the Southern Ocean that accumulated unusually high levels of organic matter and supported feeding hot spots for birds and whales. The authors show that this recurring open ocean bloom is driven by anomalies in easterly winds that push sea ice southwards and favour the upwelling of deep waters enriched in hydrothermal iron.
- Sebastien Moreau
- , Tore Hattermann
- & Harald Steen
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Article
| Open AccessSeasonality of downward carbon export in the Pacific Southern Ocean revealed by multi-year robotic observations
Distinct seasonality of export pathways from the different pumps in the Pacific Southern Ocean are revealed using year-round robotic profiler observations, contributing to understanding of particle export into the oceans’ interior.
- Léo Lacour
- , Joan Llort
- & Philip W. Boyd
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Article
| Open AccessObservational evidence for on-shelf heat transport driven by dense water export in the Weddell Sea
Recent modeling challenges our view on where the on-shelf heat flux in Antarctica occurs, suggesting it to be large where dense waters descend the continental slope. The authors provide observational evidence from the Weddell Sea supporting this claim.
- Elin Darelius
- , Kjersti Daae
- & Svein Østerhus
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Article
| Open AccessLikely accelerated weakening of Atlantic overturning circulation emerges in optimal salinity fingerprint
An optimal salinity fingerprint is proposed to detect the long-term Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) response to anthropogenic forcing. A real-word application suggests a likely accelerated weakening of the AMOC in recent decades.
- Chenyu Zhu
- , Zhengyu Liu
- & Lixin Wu
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Article
| Open AccessEvolutionary ecology of microbial populations inhabiting deep sea sediments associated with cold seeps
Little is known about genetic heterogeneity within deep sea cold seep microbial populations. From examining 39 abundant microbial species identified in sediment layers below the sea floor and across six cold seep sites, this study reports that their evolutionary trajectories are depth-dependent and differ across phylogenetic clades.
- Xiyang Dong
- , Yongyi Peng
- & Casey R. J. Hubert
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Article
| Open AccessEnzyme adaptation to habitat thermal legacy shapes the thermal plasticity of marine microbiomes
Temperature shapes the adaptation and composition of microbiomes, but whether their enzymes drive the thermal response remains unknown. Using an analysis of seven enzyme classes from worldwide marine microbiome data, this study shows that enzyme thermal properties explain microbial thermal plasticity and they are both finely tuned by the thermal variability of the environment.
- Ramona Marasco
- , Marco Fusi
- & Daniele Daffonchio
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Article
| Open AccessTemperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes
Marine fishes can substantially contribute to the inorganic carbon cycle through the excretion of intestinally precipitated carbonates, but the underlying drivers remain largely unknown. This study identifies the environmental factors and fish traits that predict carbonate excretion rate and mineralogical composition in tropical reef fishes.
- Mattia Ghilardi
- , Michael A. Salter
- & Sonia Bejarano
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Article
| Open AccessPelagic calcium carbonate production and shallow dissolution in the North Pacific Ocean
Ziveri et al find calcifying phytoplankton dominate pelagic CaCO3 production, but a large portion of this CaCO3 dissolves in the photic zone - they suggest the processes driving shallow CaCO3 dissolution are key to understanding the role of planktonic calcifiers in regulating atmospheric CO2.
- Patrizia Ziveri
- , William Robert Gray
- & William Berelson
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Article
| Open AccessNorth Atlantic oscillation controls multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic−Pacific connection
The drivers of multidecadal changes in the North Tropical Atlantic−Pacific connection are still not fully understood. Here, the authors show that they are mainly controlled by multidecadal variability associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation.
- Ruiqiang Ding
- , Hyacinth C. Nnamchi
- & Xumin Li
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Article
| Open AccessGlobal ocean redox changes before and during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event
Geochemical modeling shows that just a several percent expansion of O2-free areas with toxic sulfide build-up likely contributed to biodiversity loss or reorganization during the Toarcian mass extinction 183 million years ago.
- Alexandra Kunert
- & Brian Kendall
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Review Article
| Open AccessMonitoring and modelling marine zooplankton in a changing climate
Zooplankton are a critical link to higher trophic levels and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. This Review examines key responses of zooplankton to ocean warming, highlights key knowledge and geographic gaps that need to be addressed, and discusses how better use of observations and long-term zooplankton monitoring programmes can help fill these gaps.
- Lavenia Ratnarajah
- , Rana Abu-Alhaija
- & Lidia Yebra
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Article
| Open AccessSalp blooms drive strong increases in passive carbon export in the Southern Ocean
Gelatinous bloom-forming zooplankton—salps—alter microbial communities and quintuple the flux of sinking particles from the surface to the deep, strongly enhancing the ability of the ocean to sequester CO2.
- Moira Décima
- , Michael R. Stukel
- & Matt Pinkerton
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Article
| Open AccessViral infection switches the balance between bacterial and eukaryotic recyclers of organic matter during coccolithophore blooms
Algal blooms are hotspots of marine primary production that play central roles in microbial ecology and global elemental cycling. Here, the authors show how bloom termination by viral infection can shift the balance between eukaryotic and prokaryotic recyclers of phytoplankton biomass.
- Flora Vincent
- , Matti Gralka
- & Assaf Vardi
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Article
| Open AccessExocytosis of the silicified cell wall of diatoms involves extensive membrane disintegration
Exocytosis is a fundamental cellular process. Here, the authors report an unusual exocytosis mechanism in the silicified cell wall of diatoms, in which membrane patches are discarded.
- Diede de Haan
- , Lior Aram
- & Assaf Gal
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Article
| Open AccessHalf a century of rising extinction risk of coral reef sharks and rays
Sharks and rays are vital coral reef species. This study shows that nearly two thirds (59%) of the 134 coral-reef associated species are threatened with extinction. The main cause of their decline is found to be overfishing, both targeted and unintentional, and extinction risk is greater for larger species found in nations with higher fishing pressure and weaker governance.
- C. Samantha Sherman
- , Colin A. Simpfendorfer
- & Nicholas K. Dulvy
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Article
| Open AccessInter-decadal climate variability induces differential ice response along Pacific-facing West Antarctica
Systematic satellite, ocean and atmosphere records show the pace and extent of melting in West Antarctica vary by location, with glaciers flowing to the Amundsen Sea most sensitive to atmosphere‒ocean variability atop a marine ice-sheet instability.
- Frazer D. W. Christie
- , Eric J. Steig
- & Robert G. Bingham
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Article
| Open AccessRole of air-sea heat flux on the transformation of Atlantic Water encircling the Nordic Seas
This study reveals that air-sea heat exchange plays differing roles in the transformation of Atlantic Water along the two northward-flowing warm currents in the Nordic Seas, which needs to be considered to understand high-latitude response to climate change.
- Jie Huang
- , Robert S. Pickart
- & Rui Xin Huang