Non-REM sleep

In this study, Teng et al. identify a population of glutamatergic neurons in the ventrolateral medulla that control Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep in mice. They uncover an excitatory brainstem-hypothalamic circuit that controls wake-sleep transitions.

Kjaerby and Andersen et al. show that norepinephrine (NE) plays profound roles in shaping sleep micro-architecture. NE slowly oscillates during sleep, with NE oscillatory amplitude being a major determinant of spindle-dependent memory consolidation and awakenings.