Non-model organisms articles from across Nature Portfolio

Recent phylogenetic analyses have identified orphan clades, including Xenacoelomorphs, that can offer insights into bilaterian evolution. Here they generate a cell type atlas of Xenoturbella bockithat highlights cellular diversity in the nervous system and other tissues, reinforcing the idea of parallel evolution of cell types across animals.

Wei et al. report a unique interspecific ascidian hybrid system and single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the temporal hierarchy, spatial heterogeneity, and allele-specific expression of zygotic genome activation in urochordates.

Adult firefly light organs exhibit flashing signals important for courtship, though how these organs form during development is largely unknown. Here the authors demonstrate that homeobox transcription factors play a patterning role in the development of the adult light organs.

Despite their key role in the evolution of mammals, the origin and diversification of tooth classes (incisors, canines, premolars and molars) remain relatively obscure. Here the authors use integrative approaches to explain the independent evolution and rapid diversification of two tooth classes, premolar and molars, in noctilionoid bats.

A conjugative plasmid isolated from Thermococcus enables interspecies transfer across Archaea, whether naturally competent or not, and at temperatures up to 100 °C.

RNAi and single-cell RNA-seq characterize the mechanism of endosymbiosis between coral and dinoflagellates.

Astyanax mexicanus exists in two forms: a surface form that is abundantly distributed throughout freshwater bodies in Middle America and a blind subterranean form endemic to caves in northeastern Mexico. These diverse fish populations have become a vertebrate model for investigating the genetic basis of environmental adaptation.

A set of genes, including a lectin, two scavenger receptors and two actin regulators, were found to aid the early steps of coral–algal endosymbiosis, including algae recognition and uptake, in a Xenia soft coral species. The findings were made possible by using a combination of RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), bioinformatics and cell biology approaches.

Michael Levin and colleagues discuss how computer-designed organisms ― biobots and xenobots ― are driving a new research field with applications in biomedicine and engineering, and associated ethical and philosophical questions.

Snake venom gland organoids provide a glimpse into the cell biology of the respective organ and serve as a platform for producing snake toxins.