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| Open AccessDeep phenotyping of post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Post-infectious myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (PI-ME/CFS) is a disabling disorder, yet the clinical phenotype is poorly defined and the pathophysiology unknown. Here, the authors conduct deep phenotyping of a cohort of PI-ME/CFS patients.
- Brian Walitt
- , Komudi Singh
- & Avindra Nath
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Article
| Open AccessA neural signature for the subjective experience of threat anticipation under uncertainty
The neural systems which underlie the experience of anticipated threat under uncertainty are not well understood. Here, the authors find a whole-brain signature which specifically predicts anxious anticipation.
- Xiqin Liu
- , Guojuan Jiao
- & Benjamin Becker
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Article
| Open AccessFunctional plasticity of glutamatergic neurons of medullary reticular nuclei after spinal cord injury in mice
Spinal cord injury disrupts the descending command from the brain necessary for locomotion. Here, the authors show the functional plasticity of glutamatergic reticulospinal neurons and how their recruitment can enhance spontaneous motor recovery.
- Maxime Lemieux
- , Narges Karimi
- & Frederic Bretzner
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Article
| Open AccessUnsupervised classification of brain-wide axons reveals the presubiculum neuronal projection blueprint
The classification of different types of neurons has been a long-standing challenge in neuroscience. Here, the authors present a strategy to quantify all statistically distinct axonal patterns from a brain region based on their anatomical targeting, with this projection-driven neuron classification informing the functional architecture of the circuit.
- Diek W. Wheeler
- , Shaina Banduri
- & Giorgio A. Ascoli
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Article
| Open AccessSea lamprey enlightens the origin of the coupling of retinoic acid signaling to vertebrate hindbrain segmentation
Retinoic acid signaling is involved in patterning the embryonic antero-posterior axis, and also regulates hindbrain segmentation in jawed vertebrates. Here they show that retinoic acid signaling plays important roles in hindbrain segmentation in a jawless vertebrate, the lamprey, thus indicating this feature of hindbrain development is conserved in all vertebrates.
- Alice M. H. Bedois
- , Hugo J. Parker
- & Robb Krumlauf
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Article
| Open AccessA neurophysiological basis for aperiodic EEG and the background spectral trend
The neural mechanisms that give rise to aperiodic EEG signals remains unclear. Here the authors characterize EEG signals generated by neural processes other than brain rhythms, demonstrating that certain drugs alter EEG signals in ways that confound traditional interpretation.
- Niklas Brake
- , Flavie Duc
- & Gilles Plourde
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Article
| Open AccessRegulation of stress granule formation in human oligodendrocytes
Oligodendrocyte (OL) injury and loss is a pathologic hallmark of multiple sclerosis. Here, the authors show the presence of stress granules in OLs in multiple sclerosis lesions, and their in vitro studies in human OLs indicate that stress granules formation is a response to a combination of metabolic stress and pro-inflammatory conditions.
- Florian Pernin
- , Qiao-Ling Cui
- & Jack P. Antel
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Article
| Open AccessTimbral effects on consonance disentangle psychoacoustic mechanisms and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales
Consonance is crucial to diverse musical styles and is traditionally attributed to simple frequency ratios between tones. Here, the authors show timbral effects on consonance that challenge this view and suggest perceptual origins for musical scales.
- Raja Marjieh
- , Peter M. C. Harrison
- & Nori Jacoby
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Article
| Open AccessA transient protein folding response targets aggregation in the early phase of TDP-43-mediated neurodegeneration
The etiology of TDP-43 proteinopathy in ALS and FTD is complex. Here, the authors show that prior to disease onset in the rNLS8 mouse model, cortex neurons elicit a transient increase in protective chaperones that combat TDP-43 aggregation.
- Rebecca San Gil
- , Dana Pascovici
- & Adam K. Walker
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Article
| Open AccessA consistent map in the medial entorhinal cortex supports spatial memory
The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is hypothesized to function as a cognitive map for memory-guided navigation. Here, the authors demonstrate that the establishment of a spatially consistent MEC map across learning correlates with, and is necessary for, successful spatial memory.
- Taylor J. Malone
- , Nai-Wen Tien
- & Yi Gu
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Article
| Open AccessSerotonin modulates excitatory synapse maturation in the developing prefrontal cortex
The role of serotonin in prefrontal cortex development remains unexplored. Here, authors show that serotonin regulates maturation and stabilization of prefrontal excitatory synapses.
- Roberto Ogelman
- , Luis E. Gomez Wulschner
- & Won Chan Oh
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| Open AccessNon-invasive modulation of meningeal lymphatics ameliorates ageing and Alzheimer’s disease-associated pathology and cognition in mice
Meningeal lymphatic vessels have been associated with amyloid beta clearance, which is considered as a modulation target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) treatment. Here, the authors show that transcranial light treatment can enhance meningeal lymphatic drainage in aged and AD model mice and improve AD-associated pathology and cognitive function.
- Miao Wang
- , Congcong Yan
- & Feifan Zhou
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Article
| Open AccessReduced progranulin increases tau and α-synuclein inclusions and alters mouse tauopathy phenotypes via glucocerebrosidase
Neurodegenerative diseases often co-accumulate several disease-associated proteins. Here, the authors show that reduction of progranulin, a protein associated with TDP-43, also increases accumulation of tau and a-synuclein via glucocerebrosidase.
- Hideyuki Takahashi
- , Sanaea Bhagwagar
- & Stephen M. Strittmatter
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Article
| Open AccessAggregation of rhodopsin mutants in mouse models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa
Mutations in rhodopsin can cause the receptor to aggregate, however, it is unclear whether this molecular defect underlies the retinal degeneration in autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Here, the authors show the potential for rhodopsin aggregates to play a role in retinal degeneration.
- Sreelakshmi Vasudevan
- , Subhadip Senapati
- & Paul S.–H. Park
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Article
| Open AccessLarval microbiota primes the Drosophila adult gustatory response
How the larval environment influences the sensory characteristics of the future adult is largely unknown. Here, using Drosophila as a model, the authors show that the presence of certain bacterial species during the larval stage modify the gustatory capacities of the future adult flies.
- Martina Montanari
- , Gérard Manière
- & Julien Royet
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Article
| Open AccessIntrauterine growth and the tangential expansion of the human cerebral cortex in times of food scarcity and abundance
The human cerebral cortex grows the fastest before birth. Here, the authors find positive associations between cortical expansion and both maternal and fetal birthweight genetics, and that the effects vary across years of birth.
- Daniel E. Vosberg
- , Igor Jurisica
- & Tomáš Paus
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Article
| Open AccessThe structure of tyrosine-10 favors ionic conductance of Alzheimer’s disease-associated full-length amyloid-β channels
The structural basis of membrane permeabilization by Alzheimer’s disease-related amyloid β (Aβ) peptides is elucidated. Membrane insertion of tyrosine-10 supports the most effective ionic conductance of the full-length Aβ1-42 compared to other isoforms.
- Abhijith G. Karkisaval
- , Rowan Hassan
- & Suren A. Tatulian
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Article
| Open AccessThe secondary somatosensory cortex gates mechanical and heat sensitivity
How and where somatosensory information is encoded in the cortex is unclear and important for developing new pain therapies. Here the authors show a crucial role for the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) in accurate perception of sensory stimuli.
- Daniel G. Taub
- , Qiufen Jiang
- & Clifford J. Woolf
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Article
| Open AccessRat superior colliculus encodes the transition between static and dynamic vision modes
How visual perception in the brain switches from static to dynamic imagery is poorly understood. Here, the authors show in rats that the superior colliculus displays a marked transition from positive to negative fMRI signal at a frequency which matches the behaviourally measured threshold at which such visual fusion occurs.
- Rita Gil
- , Mafalda Valente
- & Noam Shemesh
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Article
| Open AccessTransient targeting of hypothalamic orexin neurons alleviates seizures in a mouse model of epilepsy
Epileptic seizures need better treatments. Here, the authors show that seizure intensity is predicted and controlled by pre-seizure activity of hypothalamic orexin cells, and can be reduced by a hypothalamic deep brain stimulation.
- Han-Tao Li
- , Paulius Viskaitis
- & Denis Burdakov
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Article
| Open AccessMesoscopic calcium imaging in a head-unrestrained male non-human primate using a lensless microscope
Current systems for imaging calcium dynamics in the brains of non-human primates require the animal’s movement to be restricted. Here, the authors demonstrate a mesoscale calcium imaging device in a freely moving non-human primate which features a 20 mm2 field of view.
- Jimin Wu
- , Yuzhi Chen
- & Jacob T. Robinson
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| Open AccessEndogenous cannabinoids in the piriform cortex tune olfactory perception
Whether and how cannabinoid type-1 receptors impact sensory functions in vivo is largely unknown. Here, authors show that their endogenous activity controls network dynamics in the olfactory piriform cortex and the ability of mice to detect odorants.
- Geoffrey Terral
- , Evan Harrell
- & Lisa Roux
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Article
| Open AccessGrid-like entorhinal representation of an abstract value space during prospective decision making
Values of choice options often change over time. Here, the authors show that during prospective decision making the entorhinal cortex encodes changing values using a grid-like representation, suggesting the formation of a cognitive value map.
- Alexander Nitsch
- , Mona M. Garvert
- & Christian F. Doeller
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Article
| Open AccessAmyloid-β aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is commonly preceded by a prodromal period. Here, the authors report the presence of large plasma Aβ aggregates from patients with mild cognitive impairment, which associate with low level AD-like brain pathology as observed by 11C-PiB PET and 18F-FTP PET and lowered CD18-rich monocytes.
- Kristian Juul-Madsen
- , Peter Parbo
- & Thomas Vorup-Jensen
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Article
| Open AccessNeonatal brain dynamic functional connectivity in term and preterm infants and its association with early childhood neurodevelopment
Neonatal brain dynamics are not well understood. Here, the authors characterise brain transient states in neonates, and show that preterm infants display altered whole brain dynamics and an atypical repertoire of regional transient states, which are associated with behavioural outcomes at 18 months of age.
- Lucas G. S. França
- , Judit Ciarrusta
- & Dafnis Batalle
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Article
| Open AccessParallel developmental changes in children’s production and recognition of line drawings of visual concepts
Children produce drawings prolifically throughout childhood. Here, the authors conducted a systematic study of how children create and recognize line drawings across development and suggest that changes in children’s drawings reflect refinements in how children represent visual concepts.
- Bria Long
- , Judith E. Fan
- & Michael C. Frank
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Article
| Open AccessPhotolipid excitation triggers depolarizing optocapacitive currents and action potentials
Inspired by thermal optocapacitive approaches at regulating neuronal activity, the authors explore a photolipid-based non-thermal optocapacitive method that allows for regulating voltage-gated and mechanosensitive ion channels using light.
- Carlos A. Z. Bassetto Jr
- , Juergen Pfeffermann
- & Peter Pohl
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Article
| Open AccessInhibitory medial zona incerta pathway drives exploratory behavior by inhibiting glutamatergic cuneiform neurons
The cuneiform nucleus regulates locomotor activity. Here the authors show that this nucleus has a more context-dependent role than previously thought, whereby GABAergic projections from the zona incerta act to promote exploratory behaviour in mice.
- Sandeep Sharma
- , Cecilia A. Badenhorst
- & Patrick J. Whelan
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Article
| Open AccessUltracompact mirror device for forming 20-nm achromatic soft-X-ray focus toward multimodal and multicolor nanoanalyses
Optics used for X-ray focusing suffer from wavelength dependent effects like chromatic aberration. Here the authors demonstrate fabrication of a ultracompact Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror and use it for achromatic focusing to 20 nm spot for the soft X-ray at 2-keV photon energy.
- Takenori Shimamura
- , Yoko Takeo
- & Hidekazu Mimura
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Article
| Open AccessSensory Schwann cells set perceptual thresholds for touch and selectively regulate mechanical nociception
Schwann cells associated with most sensory receptors in the skin actively participate in the transduction of mechanical stimuli. Here the authors show that silencing these sensory Schwann cells is sufficient to reduce touch perception and can inhibit mechanical pain in mice.
- Julia Ojeda-Alonso
- , Laura Calvo-Enrique
- & Gary R. Lewin
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Article
| Open AccessA clinically applicable connectivity signature for glioblastoma includes the tumor network driver CHI3L1
In glioblastoma (GBM), tumour microtubes (TM) connect tumour cells to a broader cellular network, with roles in tumour progression and therapy resistance. Here, the authors combine a dye uptake method in GBM xenograft models with subsequent scRNA-seq to infer a TM connectivity signature, finding CHI3L1 as a marker of connectivity.
- Ling Hai
- , Dirk C. Hoffmann
- & Tobias Kessler
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Article
| Open AccessRelaxation of mitochondrial hyperfusion in the diabetic retina via N6-furfuryladenosine confers neuroprotection regardless of glycaemic status
Restoring mitochondrial function has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy. Here, the authors show that mitochondrial hyperfusion blunts mitophagy during the disease process, and that rescuing this process pharmacologically confers retinal neuroprotection independent of an improved glycaemic status in type-1 diabetic mice.
- Aidan Anderson
- , Nada Alfahad
- & Jose R. Hombrebueno
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Article
| Open AccessEvolution of chemosensory tissues and cells across ecologically diverse Drosophilids
Chemosensory tissues are remarkably variable between species but the cause of this diversity is unclear. Here, the authors conduct transcriptomic analyses of chemosensory tissues from diverse Drosophila species, revealing evidence of stabilizing selection and recent species- and sex-specific changes.
- Gwénaëlle Bontonou
- , Bastien Saint-Leandre
- & J. Roman Arguello
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Article
| Open AccessA prefrontal-thalamic circuit encodes social information for social recognition
How the brain distinguishes familiar individuals from unfamiliar ones is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and thalamus encode social information and the two brain areas interact with each other to promote social recognition.
- Zihao Chen
- , Yechao Han
- & Yang Zhan
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Article
| Open AccessThe liver and muscle secreted HFE2-protein maintains central nervous system blood vessel integrity
Blood vessel integrity is critical to maintain brain health. Here, the authors show that both the liver and the muscles secrete HFE2, a protein that promotes blood vessel integrity in healthy animals and in an animal model for multiple sclerosis.
- Xue Fan Wang
- , Robin Vigouroux
- & Philippe P. Monnier
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Article
| Open AccessCortical depth profiles in primary visual cortex for illusory and imaginary experiences
Whether visual illusions and mental imagery are similarly represented in visual cortex is not well understood. Here, the authors show that imagery content is mainly detectable in deep layers of V1, whereas illusory content is decodable mainly from superficial layers.
- Johanna Bergmann
- , Lucy S. Petro
- & Lars Muckli
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Article
| Open AccessEnvironment geometry alters subiculum boundary vector cell receptive fields in adulthood and early development
How neural responses to boundaries develop in the subiculum remains unknown. Here authors show that the receptive fields of Boundary Vector Cells (neurons signalling vector displacement to boundaries) are altered by environment geometry, with directional tunings aligning with square arena walls, including during development.
- Laurenz Muessig
- , Fabio Ribeiro Rodrigues
- & Thomas J. Wills
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Article
| Open AccessNeuronal DSCAM regulates the peri-synaptic localization of GLAST in Bergmann glia for functional synapse formation
The glutamate transporter GLAST in astrocyte regulates synapse function by glutamate clearance. Here, the authors show that Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) in Purkinje cells controls synaptogenesis through the intercellular association with GLAST in the developing cerebellum.
- Ken-ichi Dewa
- , Nariko Arimura
- & Mikio Hoshino
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Article
| Open AccessBrain asymmetries from mid- to late life and hemispheric brain age
The human brain is highly asymmetrical and increasingly so with age. Here the authors examine hemispheric brain age estimates, which provide additional insights into brain asymmetries.
- Max Korbmacher
- , Dennis van der Meer
- & Ivan I. Maximov
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Article
| Open AccessEmergence of syntax and word prediction in an artificial neural circuit of the cerebellum
The role of the cerebellum in language processing remains unclear. Here, the authors use a biologically-constrained artificial cerebellar neural network to reveal a dual role of single circuit computation in syntax and word prediction.
- Keiko Ohmae
- & Shogo Ohmae
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Article
| Open AccessSingle nuclei transcriptomics in human and non-human primate striatum in opioid use disorder
Dysfunction in dorsal striatum, a brain region important for reward and habits, is linked to opioid use disorder (OUD). Here, authors delineate diverse cell populations in human dorsal striatum, revealing altered inflammatory and DNA damage signaling in OUD.
- BaDoi N. Phan
- , Madelyn H. Ray
- & Ryan W. Logan
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Article
| Open AccessSex dependence of opioid-mediated responses to subanesthetic ketamine in rats
In rats, functional ultrasound imaging reveals that blocking opioid receptors modulates the effects of subanesthetic ketamine on neural activity in males but not in females, with parallel changes in ketamine’s effects on brain structure and behavior.
- Tommaso Di Ianni
- , Sedona N. Ewbank
- & Raag D. Airan
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Article
| Open AccessEarly excitatory-inhibitory cortical modifications following skill learning are associated with motor memory consolidation and plasticity overnight
The role neurochemistry plays in encoding newly-acquired motor skills remains unclear. Here, the authors use multimodal imaging to show that early inhibitory and excitatory changes promote overnight behavioral, structural, and connectivity-related gains.
- Tamir Eisenstein
- , Edna Furman-Haran
- & Assaf Tal
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Article
| Open AccessWhy flying insects gather at artificial light
It is unclear why flying insects congregate around artificial light sources. Here, the authors use high-speed videography and motion-capture, finding that insects fly perpendicular to light sources due to a disruption of the dorsal light response.
- Samuel T. Fabian
- , Yash Sondhi
- & Huai-Ti Lin
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Article
| Open AccessDorsal hippocampus to nucleus accumbens projections drive reinforcement via activation of accumbal dynorphin neurons
The role of dorsal hippocampus in driving reinforcement remains to be determined. Here, authors show that dorsal hippocampus-driven reinforcing behaviors are mediated via inputs to dynorphin neurons in the dorsal medial nucleus accumbens.
- Khairunisa Mohamad Ibrahim
- , Nicolas Massaly
- & Jose A. Morón
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Article
| Open AccessiPSC-derived models of PACS1 syndrome reveal transcriptional and functional deficits in neuron activity
PACS1 syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder resulting from a de novo p.R203W variant in phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 (PACS1). Here the authors use cortical organoids to investigate the impact of this variant on neurodevelopment.
- Lauren Rylaarsdam
- , Jennifer Rakotomamonjy
- & Alicia Guemez-Gamboa
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Article
| Open AccessFinding the gap: neuromorphic motion-vision in dense environments
Inspired by insects in nature, the authors develop a neuromorphic robotic system with obstacle avoidance, tunnel centering and gap crossing capabilities. Their robotic system accomplishes these multiple capabilities by steering towards regions of low apparent motion.
- Thorben Schoepe
- , Ella Janotte
- & Elisabetta Chicca
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Article
| Open AccessAn actor-model framework for visual sensory encoding
Encoding and downsampling images is key for visual prostheses. Here, the authors show that an actor-model framework using the inherent computation of the retinal network yields better performance in downsampling images compared to learning-free methods.
- Franklin Leong
- , Babak Rahmani
- & Diego Ghezzi
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Article
| Open AccessUsing deep learning to quantify neuronal activation from single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data
Neuronal activity is associated with transcriptional changes. Here, the authors present a deep learning model that integrates single cell transcriptomic signals to estimate neuronal activation.
- Ethan Bahl
- , Snehajyoti Chatterjee
- & Jacob J. Michaelson
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