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| Open AccessTopographic axonal projection at single-cell precision supports local retinotopy in the mouse superior colliculus
Retinotopy can arise from axons or their targets; however, the underlying connectivity pattern remains elusive. Here, the authors use two-photon calcium imaging of retinal ganglion cell axon terminals in the female mouse superior colliculus to identify a high precision of retinotopic tiling at single-cell resolution.
- Dmitry Molotkov
- , Leiron Ferrarese
- & Hiroki Asari
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Article
| Open AccessSuperior colliculus bidirectionally modulates choice activity in frontal cortex
Multiple cortical and subcortical brain regions are implicated in decision-making, yet their causal interactions remain unclear. Here, the authors identified cellular and circuit interactions that bias cortical decision-making dynamics and behavior.
- Alyse Thomas
- , Weiguo Yang
- & Nuo Li
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Article
| Open AccessNigrostriatal dopamine modulates the striatal-amygdala pathway in auditory fear conditioning
The striatum has been shown to be important for learning, but its exact role is unclear. Here, the authors show that the striatum’s connection with the amygdala and its dopamine-dependent plasticity is necessary for fear learning.
- Allen P. F. Chen
- , Lu Chen
- & Qiaojie Xiong
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| Open AccessNeural circuit selective for fast but not slow dopamine increases in drug reward
The faster a drug enters the brain, the greater its addictive potential. Using simultaneous PET-fMRI in humans, here the authors report a neural circuit responding to fast but not slow dopamine increases from intravenous versus oral methylphenidate delivery.
- Peter Manza
- , Dardo Tomasi
- & Nora D. Volkow
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Article
| Open AccessForgotten memory storage and retrieval in Drosophila
In fly, one-cycle aversive conditioning-induced choice bias decays in 24 h. Here, authors found the memory of one-cycle aversive conditioning remains in the brain, between KCab and MBON-a3, and is retrievable by a second mild retraining.
- Chih-Ming Wang
- , Chun-Yuan Wu
- & Hsueh-Cheng Chiang
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Article
| Open AccessSampling-based Bayesian inference in recurrent circuits of stochastic spiking neurons
The cortex contains a recurrent network of stochastically spiking neurons that performs many of the computations underlying perception and behavior. Here, the authors show how such networks can implement sampling-based probabilistic inference.
- Wen-Hao Zhang
- , Si Wu
- & Brent Doiron
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Article
| Open AccessStriatum-projecting prefrontal cortex neurons support working memory maintenance
Lesions of dorsomedial, but not dorsolateral, striatum are associated with working memory impairments. Here, the authors investigate the role of a projection from medial prefrontal cortex to dorsomedial striatum in the maintenance of information during a working memory task in mice.
- Maria Wilhelm
- , Yaroslav Sych
- & Fritjof Helmchen
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Article
| Open AccessDeep brain stimulation of thalamic nucleus reuniens promotes neuronal and cognitive resilience in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
The mechanisms that confer cognitive resilience to Alzheimer’s disease are not fully understood. Here, the authors uncover the role of the nucleus reuniens in promoting resilience through the suppression of hyperexcitability and the restoration of circuit-level homeostasis to prevent memory decline.
- Shiri Shoob
- , Nadav Buchbinder
- & Inna Slutsky
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Article
| Open AccessEmergence of cortical network motifs for short-term memory during learning
How learning refines the coordinated activitity of neurons across multiple regions of the mouse cortex remains unclear. Here, the authors identified the emergence of cortical subnetworks during learning of a sensorimotor task.
- Xin Wei Chia
- , Jian Kwang Tan
- & Hiroshi Makino
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Article
| Open AccessLateral hypothalamic proenkephalin neurons drive threat-induced overeating associated with a negative emotional state
Stress-induced negative emotion results in comfort eating. Here authors identify the enkephalinergic LH circuit and its interaction with stress hormone, corticosterone, as crucial players in the threat-induced emotional eating for palatable foods.
- In-Jee You
- , Yeeun Bae
- & Sora Shin
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Article
| Open AccessAcetylcholine waves and dopamine release in the striatum
Dopamine release occurs in spatiotemporal waves. Here the authors propose that dopamine waves arise locally in the striatum, and provide evidence for striatal acetylcholine waves.
- Lior Matityahu
- , Naomi Gilin
- & Joshua A. Goldberg
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Article
| Open AccessEarly selection of task-relevant features through population gating
How the brain selects relevant information in complex and dynamic environments remains poorly understood. Here, the authors reveal that distinct neural populations in rat auditory cortex gate stimuli based on context, which could be facilitated by top-down signals from the prefrontal cortex.
- Joao Barbosa
- , Rémi Proville
- & Yves Boubenec
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Article
| Open AccessAversive stimulus-tuned responses in the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus
How fearful events are represented in the hippocampus remains unclear. Here, the authors describe aversive stimulus-triggered single neuron and population responses as well as alterations of the spatial code in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region.
- Albert M. Barth
- , Marta Jelitai
- & Viktor Varga
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| Open AccessSensorimotor transformation underlying odor-modulated locomotion in walking Drosophila
Animals find and stay close to resources by altering their locomotion in response to odors that signal resources. Here the authors identify, using Drosophila locomotion in response to odor, a simple strategy that adapts its motor program to sensory context automatically.
- Liangyu Tao
- , Samuel P. Wechsler
- & Vikas Bhandawat
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| Open AccessA thalamic-hippocampal CA1 signal for contextual fear memory suppression, extinction, and discrimination
The role of the Nucleus Reuniens (NR)-CA1 pathway in contextual fear conditioning remains unknown. Here, the authors show that the NR-CA1 pathway transmits a signal that actively suppresses fear memory retrieval in CA1 during fearful behavior.
- Heather C. Ratigan
- , Seetha Krishnan
- & Mark E. J. Sheffield
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Article
| Open AccessA non-canonical striatopallidal Go pathway that supports motor control
The basal ganglia direct and indirect pathways are classically described as anatomically segregated and functionally opposing. Here the authors describe a non-canonical direct pathway made of axon collaterals to the globus pallidus that promotes motor action.
- Marie A. Labouesse
- , Arturo Torres-Herraez
- & Christoph Kellendonk
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| Open AccessDiscrete hippocampal projections are differentially regulated by parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons
Discrete hippocampal cell types differentially regulate behavior. Here authors show that parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons differentially innervate and regulate pyramidal cell projections, providing a potential circuit mechanism underlying hippocampal control of behavior.
- Daniel J. Lodge
- , Hannah B. Elam
- & Jennifer J. Donegan
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Article
| Open AccessAdrenergic modulation of melanocortin pathway by hunger signals
Melanocortin pathway’s role in appetite regulation is a well-stablished. Here, authors describe a novel mechanism by which melanocortin pathway is regulated by ascending adrenergic input from brainstem during hunger and hypoglycemia.
- Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- , Connor Laule
- & Deniz Atasoy
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Article
| Open AccessKetamine’s acute effects on negative brain states are mediated through distinct altered states of consciousness in humans
The neural mechanisms underlying ketamine-induced altered states of consciousness are not well understood. Here, the authors show that depersonalization and dissociative amnesia related to ketamine have opposing effects on the activity of the right anterior insula in response to social threat.
- Laura M. Hack
- , Xue Zhang
- & Leanne M. Williams
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Article
| Open AccessThalamic nucleus reuniens coordinates prefrontal-hippocampal synchrony to suppress extinguished fear
The thalamic nucleus reuniens coordinates oscillations between the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex during emotional memory retrieval. Here the authors show that theta-paced optogenetic stimulation of this network can suppress the retrieval of aversive memories and prevent fear relapse after extinction.
- Michael S. Totty
- , Tuğçe Tuna
- & Stephen Maren
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| Open AccessDescending GABAergic pathway links brain sugar-sensing to peripheral nociceptive gating in Drosophila
Escape behavior is dynamically altered by animals’ physiological conditions. Here, the authors identify in Drosophila larvae a cluster of GABAergic descending neurons that mediate nociceptive modulation upon nutritional changes.
- Mami Nakamizo-Dojo
- , Kenichi Ishii
- & Kazuo Emoto
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Article
| Open AccessThe medial septum controls hippocampal supra-theta oscillations
Timing is key for efficient coding and communication across brain areas. Here, the authors found that the medial septum orchestrates hippocampal network activity at multiple temporal scales likely mediating memory encoding and retrieval.
- Bálint Király
- , Andor Domonkos
- & Balázs Hangya
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| Open AccessKetamine evoked disruption of entorhinal and hippocampal spatial maps
Ketamine’s antidepressant effects can be accompanied by altered spatial cognition. Here, the authors record from thousands of neurons in awake behaving mice to reveal how ketamine disrupts coding in the spatial navigation circuit.
- Francis Kei Masuda
- , Emily A. Aery Jones
- & Lisa M. Giocomo
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| Open AccessActivity-dependent organization of prefrontal hub-networks for associative learning and signal transformation
Neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex are involved in associative learning. Here the authors use longitudinal imaging and computational approaches in the mouse prefrontal cortex to observe changes in neuronal ensembles during fear conditioning.
- Masakazu Agetsuma
- , Issei Sato
- & Takeharu Nagai
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| Open AccessPhase information is conserved in sparse, synchronous population-rate-codes via phase-to-rate recoding
How neural codes are passed from one brain area to the next remains poorly understood. Here, the authors show how neuronal feedback inhibition converts incoming temporal information into sparse rate information in a biophysical network model of the dentate gyrus.
- Daniel Müller-Komorowska
- , Baris Kuru
- & Oliver Braganza
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Article
| Open AccessA phylogenetically-conserved axis of thalamocortical connectivity in the human brain
The principles underpinning the projection patterns of the thalamus to the cortex are not well characterised. Here, the authors reveal a medial to lateral thalamic gradient of genetic and connectomic variation which aligns with an anterior to posterior cortical pattern.
- Stuart Oldham
- & Gareth Ball
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| Open AccessFeedforward attentional selection in sensory cortex
How salient objects in our environment grab our attention has been a matter of debate for decades. Here, the authors demonstrate that salient objects automatically capture attention, but cognitive effort can affect their potency.
- Jacob A. Westerberg
- , Jeffrey D. Schall
- & Alexander Maier
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Article
| Open AccessA sign-inverted receptive field of inhibitory interneurons provides a pathway for ON-OFF interactions in the retina
In the retina, visual information is segregated into ON (light increment) and OFF (light decrement) streams. Here, the authors identify a sign-inverting amacrine cell with an inhibitory ON center – excitatory OFF surround receptive field.
- Andrew Jo
- , Sercan Deniz
- & Yongling Zhu
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Article
| Open AccessThe spatial and temporal structure of neural activity across the fly brain
Neuropil regions across the fly brain are activated by locomotion. Here, authors show that this movement-related activity involves most neurons in the dorsal fly brain, including genetically defined neurons with known, seemingly unrelated functions.
- Evan S. Schaffer
- , Neeli Mishra
- & Richard Axel
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| Open AccessTraining-induced circuit-specific excitatory synaptogenesis in mice is required for effort control
The role of synaptogenesis during the acquisition of goal-directed behaviors is unknown. Here, the authors show that learning-induced synaptogenesis in the adult mouse cortex is required to excite a specific circuit to adjust effort exertion.
- Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino
- , Oluwadamilola O. Lawal
- & Cagla Eroglu
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Article
| Open AccessHeterogeneous receptor expression underlies non-uniform peptidergic modulation of olfaction in Drosophila
Neuropeptides are ancient modulators of neural signaling, but remain poorly understood. Here, the authors examine the neural and molecular substrates that enable a single neuropeptide to differentially modulate olfactory input to the Drosophila AL.
- Tyler R. Sizemore
- , Julius Jonaitis
- & Andrew M. Dacks
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| Open AccessA frontal transcallosal inhibition loop mediates interhemispheric balance in visuospatial processing
Impaired transcallosal inhibition is believed to underlie visuospatial bias after frontoparietal damage, but the synaptic circuits involved remain largely unknown. Here, authors show a transcallosal inhibition loop in the anterior cingulate area that functions in visuospatial processing by maintaining balanced interhemispheric interactions.
- Yanjie Wang
- , Zhaonan Chen
- & Siyu Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessA glutamatergic DRN–VTA pathway modulates neuropathic pain and comorbid anhedonia-like behavior in mice
The neural circuit mechanisms underlying chronic pain and comorbid anhedonia remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show the critical role of the DRN–VTA–NAcMed pathway in establishing and modulating chronic neuropathic pain and comorbid anhedonia.
- Xin-Yue Wang
- , Wen-Bin Jia
- & Yan Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessA circuit suppressing retinal drive to the optokinetic system during fast image motion
The optokinetic reflex assists image-stabilization in visual systems. Here the authors show that the slow speed preference of ON direction-selective ganglion cells, triggering optokinetic nystagmus, relies on inhibition from VGluT3 amacrine cells.
- Adam Mani
- , Xinzhu Yang
- & David M. Berson
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Article
| Open AccessLinking emotional valence and anxiety in a mouse insula-amygdala circuit
The existence of a common substrate for emotional valence and anxiety remained elusive. Here we show that excitatory neurons of the anterior insular cortex (aIC), including neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (aIC-BLA) encode both states.
- C. Nicolas
- , A. Ju
- & A. Beyeler
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Article
| Open AccessThe respective activation and silencing of striatal direct and indirect pathway neurons support behavior encoding
Inferring behavior encoding in the striatum is limited by divergent conclusions from correlative and causative experiments. Here, the authors show that behaviors are signaled by concomitant activations and inhibitions of direct and indirect pathway neurons.
- Christophe Varin
- , Amandine Cornil
- & Alban de Kerchove d’Exaerde
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| Open AccessA parabrachial-hypothalamic parallel circuit governs cold defense in mice
The neural mechanisms responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, authors show parallel thermogenic pathways from the brain stem to the hypothalamus work together to enable resilience to cold temperature exposure and hypothermia.
- Wen Z. Yang
- , Hengchang Xie
- & Wei L. Shen
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Article
| Open AccessA mosaic adeno-associated virus vector as a versatile tool that exhibits high levels of transgene expression and neuron specificity in primate brain
Viral vectors with intense and long-lasting transgene expression are essential for manipulating and imaging of neuronal activity in the primate brain. Here, the authors created a mosaic vector composed of capsid proteins derived from AAV1 and AAV2 that exhibits improved transgene expression and neuronal specificity.
- Kei Kimura
- , Yuji Nagai
- & Masahiko Takada
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| Open AccessA common neuronal ensemble in nucleus accumbens regulates pain-like behaviour and sleep
A comorbidity of chronic pain is sleep disturbance. Here, authors show the identification and characterization of a common neuronal ensemble in NAc that regulates pain-like behaviour and sleep through its divergent downstream circuit targets.
- Haiyan Sun
- , Zhilin Li
- & Jun-Li Cao
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Article
| Open AccessLocomotion modulates olfactory learning through proprioception in C. elegans
Locomotion affects learning with unknown neural mechanisms. Here, authors show that locomotion enhances olfactory learning in C. elegans by transmitting proprioceptive information from mechanosensitive motor neurons to higher-order interneurons.
- Xu Zhan
- , Chao Chen
- & Ping Liu
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Article
| Open AccessPurkinje cell microzones mediate distinct kinematics of a single movement
Purkinje cells form a diverse population, but how diversity contributes to cerebellar behavior is not fully understood. Here, the authors reveal how nuances in molecular signatures correlate with electrophysiological, anatomical, and ultimately functional differences among Purkinje cell subpopulations.
- François G. C. Blot
- , Joshua J. White
- & Martijn Schonewille
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| Open AccessNucleus reuniens transiently synchronizes memory networks at beta frequencies
The prefrontal cortex interacts with the hippocampus to guide memory, but the mechanisms driving functional connectivity are unknown. Here, the authors demonstrate that the nucleus reuniens elicits synchronizations at beta (15–30 Hz) rhythms during retrieval.
- Maanasa Jayachandran
- , Tatiana D. Viena
- & Timothy A. Allen
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Article
| Open AccessThe head mesodermal cell couples FMRFamide neuropeptide signaling with rhythmic muscle contraction in C. elegans
FMRFamides are neuropeptides involved in behavior, energy balance, and reproduction. Here, the authors show that two opposing FMRFamide-like neuropeptide signaling pathways originating from the nervous system control the activation of the head mesodermal cell, which controls muscle contraction through gap junctions during a rhythmic behavior in C. elegans.
- Ukjin Choi
- , Mingxi Hu
- & Derek Sieburth
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Article
| Open AccessCell-type-specific plasticity of inhibitory interneurons in the rehabilitation of auditory cortex after peripheral damage
Peripheral sensory organ damage leads to compensatory cortical plasticity. Here, the authors show that after noise trauma, auditory cortical neurons display cell-type-specific plasticity in their sound-evoked and intrinsic properties.
- Manoj Kumar
- , Gregory Handy
- & Thanos Tzounopoulos
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Article
| Open AccessExternal globus pallidus input to the dorsal striatum regulates habitual seeking behavior in male mice
The external part of the globus pallidus is involved in action-selection. Here, the authors investigate the function of an arkypallidal neuronal circuit to the dorsolateral striatum in goal-directed and habitual-seeking behaviors in male mice.
- Matthew Baker
- , Seungwoo Kang
- & Doo-Sup Choi
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Article
| Open AccessAmphetamine disrupts dopamine axon growth in adolescence by a sex-specific mechanism in mice
Adolescent drug use augments psychiatric risk. Here the authors show that abused drugs dysregulate adolescent Netrin-1/DCC signaling, triggering ectopic long-distance dopamine axon growth in males while Netrin1 compensatory events protect females.
- Lauren M. Reynolds
- , Giovanni Hernandez
- & Cecilia Flores
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Article
| Open AccessSystems consolidation induces multiple memory engrams for a flexible recall strategy in observational fear memory in male mice
In observational contextual fear conditioning (OCFC), animals learn to fear the context in which they witnessed a demonstrator’s aversive experience. Here, the authors show that recall of OCFC relies on different brain areas, depending on recency of the experience and the observer’s current context.
- Joseph I. Terranova
- , Jun Yokose
- & Takashi Kitamura
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Article
| Open AccessA medullary hub for controlling REM sleep and pontine waves
Pontine waves are a hallmark of REM sleep. Here, the authors identify a distinct population of medullary neurons that constitute a hub in the REM sleep circuitry promoting REM sleep with an enhanced density of pontine waves.
- Amanda L. Schott
- , Justin Baik
- & Franz Weber
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Article
| Open AccessVentromedial prefrontal neurons represent self-states shaped by vicarious fear in male mice
Observational fear is accompanied by both freezing and escape behavior in rodents. Here, the authors show that ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) inhibition disrupts escape behavior specifically, and that vmPFC neural activity represents intermingled information of other- and self-states.
- Ziyan Huang
- , Myung Chung
- & Teruhiro Okuyama