Necroptosis articles within Nature Communications

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  • Article
    | Open Access

    MLKL is regarded as an executor of the necroptotic inflammatory cell death pathway. Here authors show, by introducing a mutation into mouse MLKL representing a frequently occurring human single nucleotide polymorphism, that MLKL mutations could critically alter the inflammatory response and the clearance of Salmonella from organs upon infection.

    • Sarah E. Garnish
    • , Katherine R. Martin
    •  & Joanne M. Hildebrand

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Different types of lytic cell death can trigger an anti-tumor immune response. Here the authors report the design of a near infrared light controllable micron-scale oncolytic system, triggering lipid peroxidation and lytic cell death in tumors as well anti-tumor immunity in preclinical cancer models.

    • Zhigui Zuo
    • , Hao Yin
    •  & Qinyang Wang

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is an important regulator of cell death pathways during embryogenesis and in infection/inflammation. Here authors show that tyrosine phosphorylation of RIPK1 by upstream kinases limits systemic inflammation and regulates haematopoietic homeostasis.

    • Hailin Tu
    • , Weihang Xiong
    •  & Xin Lin

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Polymyositis (PM) is a chronic inflammatory myopathy characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Here the authors showed that muscle fibers in PM undergo necroptosis and aggravate inflammation via releasing pro-inflammatory molecules such as HMGB1.

    • Mari Kamiya
    • , Fumitaka Mizoguchi
    •  & Shinsuke Yasuda

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The pseudokinase MLKL is activated by the upstream kinase RIPK3 in the necroptotic pathway but the structural basis of MLKL activation is not well understood yet. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of the human RIPK3:MLKL complex and human RIPK3 kinase alone, which reveal structural differences between human and murine RIPK3 and they discuss mechanistic implications.

    • Yanxiang Meng
    • , Katherine A. Davies
    •  & James M. Murphy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    OTULIN is a deubiquitinase for linear ubiquitin chains. Here the authors show, using genetic mouse models and single-cell RNA-sequencing, that deficiency of OTULIN in keratinocytes causes skin inflammation and verrucous carcinoma via the induction of keratinocyte death, thereby implicating a function of OTULIN in keratinocyte homeostasis.

    • Esther Hoste
    • , Kim Lecomte
    •  & Geert van Loo

  • Article
    | Open Access

    OTULIN is a negative regulator of linear ubiquitination, and its deficiency in human causes multi-organ inflammations including the skin. Here the authors show, by combining various genetic tools with epidermis-specific Otulin knockout mice, that Otulin suppresses skin inflammation predominantly by inhibiting RIPK1-mediated keratinocytes necroptosis.

    • Hannah Schünke
    • , Ulrike Göbel
    •  & Manolis Pasparakis

  • Article
    | Open Access

    During herpesvirus infection, most individuals intrinsically suppress a primary infection and therewith preclude potential damage or neurodegeneration of the CNS. Here, Ames et al. show that Optineurin (OPTN), a conserved autophagy receptor, restricts HSV-1 spread, degrades viral VP16 through autophagy and is neuroprotective against HSV infection in vivo.

    • Joshua Ames
    • , Tejabhiram Yadavalli
    •  & Deepak Shukla

  • Article
    | Open Access

    NEK1 mutations promote lethality early in life and ALS late in life via unknown mechanisms. Here, the authors show that NEK1 mutation disrupts retromer-mediated trafficking and promotes RIPK1 activation, connecting retromer trafficking and metabolism to neuroinflammation by dietary intervention.

    • Huibing Wang
    • , Weiwei Qi
    •  & Junying Yuan

  • Comment
    | Open Access

    The cyst(e)ine/glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis is the most frequently targeted pathway to trigger the ferroptosis cascade and suppress tumor growth. Two recent studies present additional mechanisms underlying cystine starvation-induced ferroptosis apart from impaired GSH synthesis.

    • Zhennan Shi
    • , Nathchar Naowarojna
    •  & Yilong Zou

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Tumour necroptosis is regulated by RIPK3 during tumour development. Here the authors show that ZBP1 is an upstream mediator of RIPK3 in tumour necroptosis and that glucose deprivation induces the release of mitochondrial DNA, which binds to ZBP1 to activate ZBP1-mediated necroptosis in breast cancer.

    • Jin Young Baik
    • , Zhaoshan Liu
    •  & Zheng-gang Liu

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain-Like (MLKL) pseudokinase is phosphorylated by RIPK3 kinase prior to cell death by necroptosis. Here, the authors use monobodies that bind to the MLKL pseudokinase domain as tools, which allowed them to determine the crystal structures of the MLKL pseudokinase domain in two distinct conformations. By combining their structural data with cell signalling assays and MD simulations they provide evidence that endogenous MLKL preassociates with its upstream regulator RIPK3, and that MLKL disengages from RIPK3 following the induction of necroptosis.

    • Sarah E. Garnish
    • , Yanxiang Meng
    •  & James M. Murphy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    RIPK1 is a critical kinase which mediates necroptosis, apoptosis and inflammation. Regulation of RIPK1 by ubiquitination is being intensively investigated. Here, the authors made knock-in RIPK1-K612R mice and demonstrate that this mutation alters the RIPK1 ubiquitinylation pattern and inhibits its prodeath kinase activity in response to TNFα but sensitizes cell death to TLRs signals.

    • Xingyan Li
    • , Mengmeng Zhang
    •  & Junying Yuan

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) is the terminal protein in the pro-inflammatory necroptotic cell death program. Here the authors show that MLKL trafficking and plasma membrane accumulation are crucial necroptosis checkpoints, and that accumulation of phosphorylated MLKL at intercellular junctions promotes necroptosis.

    • Andre L. Samson
    • , Ying Zhang
    •  & James M. Murphy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) regulates cell death and inflammatory responses. Here the authors show that autophosphorylation at Ser166 is required for RIPK1-mediated cell death and inflammation in mouse models of inflammatory pathologies, making Ser166 phosphorylation a possible biomarker for RIPK1-mediated inflammatory diseases.

    • Lucie Laurien
    • , Masahiro Nagata
    •  & Manolis Pasparakis

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Necroptotic cells activate MLKL and release inflammatory DAMPs, although the underlying regulatory mechanisms of this process are poorly understood. Here, Murai et al. develop a necroptosis-specific FRET sensor (SMART) that monitors MLKL membrane translocation to identify two modes of DAMP release.

    • Shin Murai
    • , Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
    •  & Hiroyasu Nakano

  • Article
    | Open Access

    TNF mediated inflammation is critical in autoimmune mediated pathology, however many patients are refractory to current anti-TNF therapeutics. Here the authors show induction of several death ligands, in addition to TNF is sufficient to cause fatal dermatitis in a LUBAC deficient murine model of disease.

    • Lucia Taraborrelli
    • , Nieves Peltzer
    •  & Henning Walczak

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Muscular dystrophies are characterised by extensive myofibre cell death. Here Morgan et al. show that RIPK3-mediated necroptosis contributes to myofibre cell death in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and that RIPK3 deletion protects dystrophic mice against myofibre degeneration.

    • Jennifer E. Morgan
    • , Alexandre Prola
    •  & Maximilien Bencze

  • Article
    | Open Access

    RIPK3-mediated phosphorylation of the mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) pseudokinase is thought to be the trigger for MLKL activation during necroptotic signaling. Here the authors provide evidence that the transition of human MLKL from a monomeric state to a tetramer is essential for necroptosis signalling.

    • Emma J. Petrie
    • , Jarrod J. Sandow
    •  & James M. Murphy

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The differences in virus-host interactions resulting in distinct pathogenicity of seasonal and pandemic influenza A viruses (IAV) are not well understood. Here, the authors show that the hemagglutinin segment from pandemic, but not seasonal, IAV suppresses RIPK3-mediated dendritic cell death, thereby reducing T cell activation.

    • Boris M. Hartmann
    • , Randy A. Albrecht
    •  & Stuart C. Sealfon

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote necroptosis and the receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is a key player in this form of cell death. Here, the authors show that cysteine residues in RIP1 sense ROS and oxidation of the cysteines triggers RIP1 autophosphorylation, which promotes functional necrosome formation.

    • Yingying Zhang
    • , Sheng Sean Su
    •  & Jiahuai Han

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Kidney stone disease is caused by accumulation of oxalate crystals, which trigger tissue injury, inflammation and cell death. Mulay et al. show that crystals induce cell death in the kidney through necroptosis, and propose that this pathway may be a target for the treatment of crystal-induced disease.

    • Shrikant R. Mulay
    • , Jyaysi Desai
    •  & Hans-Joachim Anders

  • Article |

    The microRNA miR-21 is overexpressed in cancer and is thought to function through anti-apoptotic activity. Here, Ma et al. show that deleting or blocking miR-21 in mice protects against acute pancreatitis and TNF-α-induced tissue damage by inhibiting RIP3-dependent regulated necrosis (necroptosis).

    • Xiaodong Ma
    • , Daniel J. Conklin
    •  & Yong Li

  • Article
    | Open Access

    RIPK3 can cause necroptotic cell death via MLKL phosphorylation, and activate NLRP3 inflammasome. Here the authors show that MLKL is dispensable for NLRP3 activation by RIPK3, and highlight how different IAP proteins limit RIPK3 induced apoptosis, necroptosis and IL-1 secretion.

    • Kate E. Lawlor
    • , Nufail Khan
    •  & James E. Vince

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