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| Open AccessSirt6 attenuates chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis progression
Ji and colleagues identify Sirt6 as a regulator of chondrocyte senescence. Mechanistically, Sirt6 physically interacts with STAT5 and deacetylates it at K163, which reduces the IL-15/JAK3-induced STAT5 translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus.
- Ming-liang Ji
- , Hua Jiang
- & Jun Lu
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Article
| Open AccessSlow growing behavior in African trypanosomes during adipose tissue colonization
Trypanosoma brucei parasites invade different organs, such as the central nervous system, adipose tissue, and skin in mammalian host. Here, Trindade et al. perform mathematical modelling to show that adipose tissue forms (ATFs) grow slower than the bloodstream forms and experimentally characterize the heterogeneous ATF populations and provide evidence that slow-growing forms are refractory to drug treatment.
- Sandra Trindade
- , Mariana De Niz
- & Luisa M. Figueiredo
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Article
| Open AccessTargeting endogenous kidney regeneration using anti-IL11 therapy in acute and chronic models of kidney disease
Repair processes in kidney are impaired in severe disease. Here, the authors show that in kidney failure, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of IL11 releases the brake on regeneration, reverses tissue damage and restores kidney function.
- Anissa A. Widjaja
- , Sivakumar Viswanathan
- & Stuart A. Cook
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Article
| Open AccessEpigenetic regulation of white adipose tissue plasticity and energy metabolism by nucleosome binding HMGN proteins
White adipose tissue browning plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism. Here the authors show that the HMGN nucleosome binding proteins epigenetically promote white adipocyte differentiation and modulate the rate of white adipose tissue browning and energy metabolism in male mice.
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- , Takashi Furusawa
- & Michael Bustin
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Article
| Open AccessA non-coding GWAS variant impacts anthracycline-induced cardiotoxic phenotypes in human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Germline variants may pre-dispose patients to an increased risk of developing anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. This report provides insights into the mechanism by which a common genetic variant, rs28714259, may confer an increased risk of cardiac damage.
- Xi Wu
- , Fei Shen
- & Bryan Paul Schneider
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Article
| Open AccessRegulome analysis in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia exposes Core Binding Factor addiction as a therapeutic vulnerability
The ETV6-RUNX1 chimeric- and native RUNX1-responsive regulomes in paediatric B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remain to be characterized. Here, the authors reveal functional antagonism between the two transcription factors predominantly for the regulation of cell cycle-associated pathways and dependency on native RUNX1 for tumorigenesis which can be targeted pharmacologically.
- Jason P. Wray
- , Elitza M. Deltcheva
- & Tariq Enver
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Article
| Open AccessPEAR1 regulates expansion of activated fibroblasts and deposition of extracellular matrix in pulmonary fibrosis
Currently, there is a lack of effective drugs for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Here, the authors reveal a novel role of PEAR1 in fibroblast activation and demonstrate that activating PEAR1 by monoclonal antibodies might be a promising therapeutic approach for pulmonary fibrosis.
- Yan Geng
- , Lin Li
- & Xuemei Fan
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Article
| Open AccessPharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 improves muscle phenotypes in dystrophin-deficient mice by downregulating TGF-β via Smad3 acetylation
Here, authors show that Smad3 acetylation via HDAC6 inhibition reverses Duchenne muscular dystrophy-like symptoms in the mdx mouse model, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the disorder.
- Alexis Osseni
- , Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- & Laurent Schaeffer
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Article
| Open AccessCiliary neurotrophic factor-mediated neuroprotection involves enhanced glycolysis and anabolism in degenerating mouse retinas
Rhee et al. demonstrates that the potent neuroprotective agent CNTF significantly impacts metabolism of degenerating retinas, thus revealing cellular mechanisms underlying enhanced neuronal viability and providing insight for the ongoing CNTF clinical trials.
- Kun Do Rhee
- , Yanjie Wang
- & Xian-Jie Yang
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Article
| Open AccessCHD7 regulates otic lineage specification and hair cell differentiation in human inner ear organoids
Mutations in the chromatin remodeler CHD7 cause CHARGE syndrome, affecting development of several organs including the inner ear. Here, the authors recapitulated pathogenesis of this disease with human inner ear organoids and found that CHD7 is indispensable for proper otic lineage specification and hair cell differentiation.
- Jing Nie
- , Yoshitomo Ueda
- & Eri Hashino
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Matters Arising
| Open AccessThe stress-inducible ER chaperone GRP78/BiP is upregulated during SARS-CoV-2 infection and acts as a pro-viral protein
- Woo-Jin Shin
- , Dat P. Ha
- & Amy S. Lee
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Article
| Open AccessReplication collisions induced by de-repressed S-phase transcription are connected with malignant transformation of adult stem cells
Suppression of transcription in S-phase is crucial to prevent genome instability. Zhang et al demonstrate that increase of H4K20me1 due to loss of Kmt5b cause genome instability in muscle stem cells, resulting in stem cell senescence but rhabdomyosarcoma formation when p53 is inactivated.
- Ting Zhang
- , Carsten Künne
- & Thomas Braun
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Article
| Open AccessAltered glycolysis triggers impaired mitochondrial metabolism and mTORC1 activation in diabetic β-cells
Chronic hyperglycemia impairs insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells in diabetes. Here, the authors reveal that a glucose metabolite is responsible and show lowering glucose metabolism during hyperglycemia prevents loss of beta-cell function.
- Elizabeth Haythorne
- , Matthew Lloyd
- & Frances M. Ashcroft
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Article
| Open AccesspTINCR microprotein promotes epithelial differentiation and suppresses tumor growth through CDC42 SUMOylation and activation
Small proteins encoded by previously assumed non-coding RNAs can have cell regulatory functions. Here the authors report that TINCR lncRNA encodes pTINCR, a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that promotes epithelial differentiation through the SUMOylation and activation of CDC42, and it has tumour suppressor activity in epithelial cancers.
- Olga Boix
- , Marion Martinez
- & María Abad
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Article
| Open AccessDifferential impact of ubiquitous and muscle dynamin 2 isoforms in muscle physiology and centronuclear myopathy
Dynamin 2 is a large GTPase linked to several human diseases. Here, Gómez-Oca et al. investigate the functions of muscle dynamin 2 isoforms and provide insights into their differential implication in centronuclear myopathy pathogenesis and treatment.
- Raquel Gómez-Oca
- , Evelina Edelweiss
- & Jocelyn Laporte
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Article
| Open AccessFerritin triggers neutrophil extracellular trap-mediated cytokine storm through Msr1 contributing to adult-onset Still’s disease pathogenesis
Hyperferritinemic syndrome is a collective term for a group of severe inflammatory conditions distinguished by high ferritin levels, including adult-onset Still’s disease and COVID-19. Here authors show in an animal model that high ferritin levels are not just a sign of hyperinflammation but also a pathogenic factor that triggers neutrophil leukocyte activation and extracellular trap formation.
- Jinchao Jia
- , Mengyan Wang
- & Qiongyi Hu
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Article
| Open AccessReversible Myc hypomorphism identifies a key Myc-dependency in early cancer evolution
Happloinsufficiency of Myc delays onset of cancers in mice. Here, the authors generated a mouse model of reversible cMyc hypomorphism and show that metronomic reduction of c-Myc in adult mice confers protection against cancers without side effects and that the bottleneck in early cancer evolution is dependent upon Myc.
- Nicole M. Sodir
- , Luca Pellegrinet
- & Gerard I. Evan
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Article
| Open AccessTumor suppressor mediated ubiquitylation of hnRNPK is a barrier to oncogenic translation
Cytoplasmic accumulation of RNA binding protein, hnRNPK in cancer cells is associated with poor prognosis. Here the authors show that SCFFbxo4 E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated polyubiquitylation of hnRNPK restricts c-Myc translation and limits cancer progression.
- Bartosz Mucha
- , Shuo Qie
- & J. Alan Diehl
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Article
| Open AccessThe inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision
Motile and non-motile cilia have distinct functions and protein complexes associated with them. Here, the authors show the conserved protein CFAP20 is important for both motile and non-motile cilia and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes.
- Paul W. Chrystal
- , Nils J. Lambacher
- & Michel R. Leroux
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Article
| Open AccessCircular RNA circBNC2 inhibits epithelial cell G2-M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair
G2/M arrest of epithelial cells leads to fibrosis with unclear mechanisms. This study identifies a protein-encoding circRNA, circBNC2, which inhibits epithelial cells G2/M arrest to prevent fibrotic maladaptive repair in damaged kidney and liver, revealing a potential intervention target for fibrosis.
- Peng Wang
- , Zhitao Huang
- & Fan Fan Hou
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Article
| Open AccessSexually dimorphic estrogen sensing in skeletal stem cells controls skeletal regeneration
How bone-related sexually dimorphic traits are regulated hasn’t been examined at the stem cell level. Here the authors show that skeletal stem cells (SSC), in female but not male mice, are directly controlled by estrogen signaling, which could be augmented to improve fracture repair.
- Tom W. Andrew
- , Lauren S. Koepke
- & Charles K. F. Chan
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Article
| Open AccessDefining cellular complexity in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by multimodal single cell analysis
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a complicated disease that involves numerous cell types. Here the authors used a multiomics approach consisting of single nucleus transcriptomes and epigenomes to redefine cell states in ADPKD and to dissect the cellular interactions and molecular mechanisms of ADPKD.
- Yoshiharu Muto
- , Eryn E. Dixon
- & Benjamin D. Humphreys
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Article
| Open AccessEpithelial coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor promotes house dust mite-induced lung inflammation
The epithelial protein Coxsackievirus Adenovirus Receptor (CAR) is a virus receptor but may have other functions. Here the authors show that deletion of CAR in mice leads to reduced house dust mite-induced lung inflammation, reduced neutrophil accumulation and alterations in airway remodelling.
- Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- , Dustin C. Bagley
- & Maddy Parsons
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Article
| Open AccessA noncanonical function of EIF4E limits ALDH1B1 activity and increases susceptibility to ferroptosis
Ferroptosis is lipid peroxidation-dependent cell death that has potential to be harnessed as a cancer therapeutic. Here, the authors show that the translation initiation factor eIF4E can repress ALDH1B1 independent of translation, increasing lipid peroxidation levels to promote ferroptosis.
- Xin Chen
- , Jun Huang
- & Rui Kang
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Article
| Open AccessSystems-biology analysis of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes implicates cell line-specific transcription factor function
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are used as a model of rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes, although cell lines derived from individual patients can have heterogeneous biology. Here the authors use a Taiji computational approach to analyze gene expression, chromatin accessibility and functional differences between individual patient-derived RA FLS lines.
- Richard I. Ainsworth
- , Deepa Hammaker
- & Wei Wang
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Article
| Open AccessTmem65 is critical for the structure and function of the intercalated discs in mouse hearts
The intercalated disc (ICD) is a membrane structure of the cardiac muscle involved in normal heart function. Here the authors report that knockdown of the ICD-bound transmembrane protein 65 results in impaired ICD structure, abnormal cardiac electrophysiology and cardiomyopathy in mice.
- Allen C. T. Teng
- , Liyang Gu
- & Anthony O. Gramolini
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Article
| Open AccessInduction of the hepatic aryl hydrocarbon receptor by alcohol dysregulates autophagy and phospholipid metabolism via PPP2R2D
Alcohol consumption promotes neutral fat accumulation in the liver. Here, the authors report that alcohol induces aryl hydrocarbon receptor AhR in the liver, and hepatocyte-specific AhR deletion protects against alcohol induced accumulation potentially via transcriptional regulation of Protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bdelta and subsequent effects on autophagy.
- Yun Seok Kim
- , Bongsub Ko
- & Sang Geon Kim
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Article
| Open AccessS100A8-mediated metabolic adaptation controls HIV-1 persistence in macrophages in vivo
HIV-1 eradication is hindered by viral persistence in different cell reservoirs, including circulatory CD4+ T-cells and tissue-resident macrophages. Here, by analyzing male genital mucosa from cART-suppressed HIV1-infected individuals, Real et al. show that M4 macrophages represent the major macrophage HIV-1 reservoir in this tissue. These macrophages have an inflammatory IL1R+S100A8+MMP7+M4-phenotype, and contain transcriptionally active HIV-1, which reactivate infectious virus production from viral latency in response to autocrine/paracrine S100A8-mediated glycolysis.
- Fernando Real
- , Aiwei Zhu
- & Morgane Bomsel
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Article
| Open AccessSARS-CoV-2 infects adipose tissue in a fat depot- and viral lineage-dependent manner
Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, and infection of adipose tissue by SARS-CoV-2 has been reported. Here the authors confirm that human adipose tissue is a possible site for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the degree of adipose tissue infection and the way adipocytes respond to the virus depend on the adipose tissue depot and the viral strain.
- Tatiana Dandolini Saccon
- , Felippe Mousovich-Neto
- & Marcelo A. Mori
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Article
| Open AccessIntracellular energy controls dynamics of stress-induced ribonucleoprotein granules
Stress granules are associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Wang et al. found intracellular energy deficiencies trigger a unique type of granules and disrupt granule disassembly through 4EBP1/eIF4A.
- Tao Wang
- , Xibin Tian
- & Jiou Wang
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Article
| Open AccessSingle-cell transcriptomics reveal cellular diversity of aortic valve and the immunomodulation by PPARγ during hyperlipidemia
Identifying the mechanisms underlying the early inflammatory phase of aortic valve disease is crucial for disease prevention. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing to show the immunomodulatory role of PPARγ in valvular endothelial cells during hyperlipidemia.
- Seung Hyun Lee
- , Nayoung Kim
- & Jae-Hoon Choi
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Article
| Open AccessFatty acid metabolism in aggressive B-cell lymphoma is inhibited by tetraspanin CD37
Tetraspanin CD37 deficiency has been reported as a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Here, the authors show that CD37 interacts with the fatty acid transporter 1 to inhibit palmitate uptake and its deficiency leads to increased fatty acid metabolism which promotes tumorigenesis in B-cell lymphoma.
- Rens Peeters
- , Jorge Cuenca-Escalona
- & Annemiek B. van Spriel
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Article
| Open AccessGCAF(TMEM251) regulates lysosome biogenesis by activating the mannose-6-phosphate pathway
Lysosomal biogenesis errors often result in diseases including mucolipidosis. Here Zhang and Yang et al. identify TMEM251/GCAF as a mannose-6-phosphate modification regulator that is necessary for correct lysosomal targeting, and classify Mucolipidosis Type V as resulting from GCAF mutations.
- Weichao Zhang
- , Xi Yang
- & Ming Li
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Article
| Open AccessCtIP-dependent nascent RNA expression flanking DNA breaks guides the choice of DNA repair pathway
RNA has been implicated in DNA repair. This work shows that the interplay of RNAPII-generated nascent RNA, RNA:DNA hybrids and the resection factor CtIP guide DNA double strand break repair pathway choice towards error-free homologous recombination.
- Daniel Gómez-Cabello
- , George Pappas
- & Jiri Bartek
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Article
| Open AccessSpermidine-mediated hypusination of translation factor EIF5A improves mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis progression
Spermidine, a polyamine reported to extend lifespan and reduce the risk of age-related diseases, serves as a substrate for the post-translational modification hypusination. Here the authors report that EIF5A hypusination, which regulates mitochondrial protein synthesis, is reduced during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which can be prevented by spermidine to inhibit the progression of NASH in mice.
- Jin Zhou
- , Jeremy Pang
- & Paul Michael Yen
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Article
| Open AccessBiliary NIK promotes ductular reaction and liver injury and fibrosis in mice
Excessive expansion of cholangiocytes in the liver leads to ductular reaction and liver disease. Here, the authors show that genetic ablation, or pharmacological inhibition, of biliary NIK blocks ductular reaction, liver inflammation, and liver fibrosis in mice by modulating secretion of cholangiokines that mediate liver inflammation and fibrosis.
- Zhiguo Zhang
- , Xiao Zhong
- & Liangyou Rui
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| Open AccessPaving the way to improve therapy for Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Long-acting IFNα induces durable molecular responses in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Emerging studies, including Saleiro et al. recently published in Nature Communications, have identified promising candidates that may synergise with IFNα by targeting stem cell function or feedback loops that mediate treatment resistance.
- Megan Bywater
- & Steven W. Lane
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Article
| Open AccessImmune-mediated tubule atrophy promotes acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition
Acute kidney injury can lead to chronic kidney disease. Here the authors show that the transition is related to a macrophage-mediated second wave of inflammatory cells that promote late tubule injury, dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Suppressing this second wave reduced tubular loss and kidney atrophy.
- Leyuan Xu
- , Jiankan Guo
- & Lloyd G. Cantley
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Article
| Open AccessAAA + ATPase Thorase inhibits mTOR signaling through the disassembly of the mTOR complex 1
Signaling via the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) maintains cellular and organismal homeostasis. Here the authors show that the AAA + ATPase Thorase binds mTOR to promote disassembly and inactivation of mTORC1 to fine tune TOR signaling according to amino acid availability.
- George K. E. Umanah
- , Leire Abalde-Atristain
- & Valina L. Dawson
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Article
| Open AccessDisease-associated mutations within the yeast DNAJB6 homolog Sis1 slow conformer-specific substrate processing and can be corrected by the modulation of nucleotide exchange factors
Here the authors describe mechanisms through which analogous LGMDD1 (Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type D1) mutations affect Sis1 (a yeast functional homolog of human DNAJB6) chaperone activity and poison the function of wild-type protein; potentially uncovering a new therapeutic route to explore.
- Ankan K. Bhadra
- , Michael J. Rau
- & Heather L. True
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Article
| Open AccessClub cells employ regeneration mechanisms during lung tumorigenesis
Lung adenocarcinoma is a highly plastic tumour type. Here, the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to show that Club cells use regeneration mechanisms to develop tumours after an epigenetic switch towards an AT2-like phenotype shown by methylome analysis.
- Yuanyuan Chen
- , Reka Toth
- & Rocio Sotillo
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Article
| Open AccessMaladaptive positive feedback production of ChREBPβ underlies glucotoxic β-cell failure
ChREBP is a glucose-responsive transcription factor, which regulates glucose-mediated proliferation and cell death in pancreatic β-cells. Here the authors show that the acute feed forward induction of ChREBPβ is required for adaptive β-cell expansion, that chronic overexpression of ChREBPβ is toxic to β-cells, and offer mitigation strategies
- Liora S. Katz
- , Gabriel Brill
- & Donald K. Scott
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Article
| Open AccessTargeting transcription in heart failure via CDK7/12/13 inhibition
In this study, Hsu et al. show that inhibition of CDK7/12/13 attenuates maladaptive transcriptional activation in cultured cardiomyocytes and a mouse model of heart failure, suggesting that targeting the transcription machinery might be a therapeutic approach to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
- Austin Hsu
- , Qiming Duan
- & Saptarsi M. Haldar
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Article
| Open AccessLight-activated mitochondrial fission through optogenetic control of mitochondria-lysosome contacts
Existing methods can lack spatiotemporal accuracy to manipulate dynamic mitochondrial behaviour in live cells. Here the authors report an optogenetic method to control mitochondria-lysosome contacts and induce mitochondrial fission; they use photoactivatable dimerizers including CRY2/CIB and SspB/iLID.
- Kangqiang Qiu
- , Weiwei Zou
- & Jiajie Diao
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Article
| Open AccessPhenylalanine impairs insulin signaling and inhibits glucose uptake through modification of IRβ
Whether amino acids act on cellular insulin signaling remains unclear. Here, the authors find that phenylalanine modifies insulin receptor beta (IRβ) and inactivates insulin signaling and glucose uptake and positively correlated with T2D onset.
- Qian Zhou
- , Wan-Wan Sun
- & Shi-Min Zhao
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Article
| Open AccessMalaria parasite heme biosynthesis promotes and griseofulvin protects against cerebral malaria in mice
Malaria parasite heme pathway is non-essential for blood stages, but essential for mosquito and liver stages. Here, the authors show that heme pathway promotes cerebral pathogenesis by enhancing hemozoin formation and that targeting it with griseofulvin inhibits cerebral malaria in mice.
- Manjunatha Chandana
- , Aditya Anand
- & Viswanathan Arun Nagaraj
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Article
| Open AccessSex differences in heart mitochondria regulate diastolic dysfunction
In this paper, the authors show that sex differences in mitochondrial DNA levels and function in the heart contribute to sex biases in functions relevant to heart failure, identifying Acsl6 as a mitochondrial sex-biased regulator of diastolic function.
- Yang Cao
- , Laurent Vergnes
- & Aldons J. Lusis
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Article
| Open AccessT cell cholesterol efflux suppresses apoptosis and senescence and increases atherosclerosis in middle aged mice
Cholesterol efflux is mediated by specific transporters in T cells. Here the authors show that when the ABCA1/ABCG1 cholesterol transporters are absent, peripheral T cell numbers are reduced but activation increased with a premature aging phenotype of T cell senescence and apoptosis in middle aged Ldlr−/− mice.
- Venetia Bazioti
- , Anouk M. La Rose
- & Marit Westerterp
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| Open AccessWASp modulates RPA function on single-stranded DNA in response to replication stress and DNA damage
Cancer develops in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Here the authors identify a role for WAS-protein (WASp) in the DNA stress-resolution pathway by promoting the function of Replication Protein A at replication forks after DNA damage.
- Seong-Su Han
- , Kuo-Kuang Wen
- & Yatin M. Vyas